Blockchain-based secure and smart healthcare IoT system using hybrid consensus mechanism with an honest block

The healthcare sector is proliferating day by day by smartly securing confidential data and providing access to their relevant community members and patients. All the credit goes to the blockchain, which is a distributed and decentralized system for securing confidential data. Blockchain provides features of immutability, because of which malicious nodes are unable to access personal data. There is a mechanism used in blockchain called consensus that verifies every block added to the blockchain to make the system successful and also make the system fault-tolerant. But still, there is an issue present in an existing system, like a trust issue. In this research, we present a system for addressing the trust ability issue that is present in an existing system by enhancing the credibility of blocks, and according to blocks' behavior, they get rewarded/punished for making the system reputed. In this paper, we design five algorithms based on which they get reward or punishment. Our proposed model consists of a four-layered architecture. The HCM model uses the Ethereum blockchain platform, which shows that the HCM model is superior to that of an existing PoXR system as it reduces the use of memory (up to 50%) and reduces CPU consumption (which is approximately 2%).