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Background <p>Aromatherapy using herbal essential oils has gained interest for its potential therapeutic effects, yet concerns persist regarding its systemic impact on blood parameters and organ histopathology. This study investigated the effects of inhaling <i>Oliveria decumbens Vent.</i> and <i>Trachyspermum ammi L.</i> essential oils on haematological indices and the histological structure of kidneys, lungs, and liver in female rats.</p> Methods <p>In this controlled laboratory study, twenty-five female Wistar rats (200–250&#xa0;g) were randomly assigned to five groups (<i>n</i> = 5 each). Three groups were exposed to a 1:1 mixture of <i>Oliveria decumbens</i> and <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> essential oils at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ppm, respectively; a fourth group received 100 ppm of <i>O. decumbens</i> alone, while the control group was exposed to distilled water via nebulization. Essential oils were extracted through hydro-distillation and chemically profiled using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Inhalation exposure was conducted in a closed nebulization chamber. Following the intervention, hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT) and inflammatory markers were assessed, and histopathological evaluations of lung, liver, and kidney tissues were performed to identify structural alterations associated with essential oil exposure.</p> Results <p>Haematological analysis like WBC, RBC, HGB, and HCT levels (The descriptive statistics for WBC and RBC showed mean WBC values ranging from 7.75 ± 1.31 to 10.73 ± 2.69 and RBC values ranging from 7.14 ± 0.19 to 7.81 ± 0.91 ) showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Histopathological evaluations indicated a dose-dependent effect of essential oils on renal and hepatic tissues. Higher doses caused mild glomerular hypercellularity, congestion, and early tubular injury in kidneys, while hepatic tissue exhibited cytoplasmic swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Lung tissue showed moderate septal thickening and inflammatory changes at elevated doses. The control group showed minimal alterations compared to high-dose groups.</p> Conclusion <p>Inhalation of Oliveria decumbens and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils was not associated with significant changes in haematological parameters, though mild to moderate, dose-dependent histopathological alterations were observed in kidney, liver, and lung tissues. These findings suggest potential localized tissue responses at higher exposure levels, warranting further studies to assess their clinical significance and long-term effects.</p>

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Effects of aerial parts of Oliveria decumbens and Trachyspermum ammi aromatherapy on hematological parameters and tissue histopathology in female rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Iman Khahan-Yazdi,
  • Mohammadamin Shabani,
  • Saeedeh Zare Jalise,
  • Faraz Mojab,
  • Mohsen Eslami Farsani,
  • Zahra Taheri-Kharameh

摘要

Background

Aromatherapy using herbal essential oils has gained interest for its potential therapeutic effects, yet concerns persist regarding its systemic impact on blood parameters and organ histopathology. This study investigated the effects of inhaling Oliveria decumbens Vent. and Trachyspermum ammi L. essential oils on haematological indices and the histological structure of kidneys, lungs, and liver in female rats.

Methods

In this controlled laboratory study, twenty-five female Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 5 each). Three groups were exposed to a 1:1 mixture of Oliveria decumbens and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 ppm, respectively; a fourth group received 100 ppm of O. decumbens alone, while the control group was exposed to distilled water via nebulization. Essential oils were extracted through hydro-distillation and chemically profiled using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Inhalation exposure was conducted in a closed nebulization chamber. Following the intervention, hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT) and inflammatory markers were assessed, and histopathological evaluations of lung, liver, and kidney tissues were performed to identify structural alterations associated with essential oil exposure.

Results

Haematological analysis like WBC, RBC, HGB, and HCT levels (The descriptive statistics for WBC and RBC showed mean WBC values ranging from 7.75 ± 1.31 to 10.73 ± 2.69 and RBC values ranging from 7.14 ± 0.19 to 7.81 ± 0.91 ) showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). Histopathological evaluations indicated a dose-dependent effect of essential oils on renal and hepatic tissues. Higher doses caused mild glomerular hypercellularity, congestion, and early tubular injury in kidneys, while hepatic tissue exhibited cytoplasmic swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Lung tissue showed moderate septal thickening and inflammatory changes at elevated doses. The control group showed minimal alterations compared to high-dose groups.

Conclusion

Inhalation of Oliveria decumbens and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils was not associated with significant changes in haematological parameters, though mild to moderate, dose-dependent histopathological alterations were observed in kidney, liver, and lung tissues. These findings suggest potential localized tissue responses at higher exposure levels, warranting further studies to assess their clinical significance and long-term effects.