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<p>Accelerating wound healing is a crucial objective in surgical and regenerative medicine. The wound healing process involves three key stages: inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in promoting tissue regeneration, particularly by enhancing epidermal cell migration and proliferation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated wound healing remain unclear. This review highlights the pivotal role of MSCs and their exosomes in wound repair, with a specific focus on critical signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, and MAPK. These pathways regulate essential cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that MSCs accelerate wound closure, enhance collagen deposition, and modulate immune responses, contributing to improved tissue regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms provides valuable insights into MSC-based therapeutic strategies for enhancing wound healing.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and its derived-exosome treatment on skin regeneration and tissue repair via activation of different signaling pathways</p> <p></p>

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Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: a novel approach to skin regeneration via signaling pathways activation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Maryam Kananivand,
  • Fatemeh Nouri,
  • Mohammad Hasan Yousefi,
  • Ali Pajouhi,
  • Hakimeah Ghorbani,
  • Hamed Afkhami,
  • Zahra Sadat Razavi

摘要

Accelerating wound healing is a crucial objective in surgical and regenerative medicine. The wound healing process involves three key stages: inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in promoting tissue regeneration, particularly by enhancing epidermal cell migration and proliferation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated wound healing remain unclear. This review highlights the pivotal role of MSCs and their exosomes in wound repair, with a specific focus on critical signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, and MAPK. These pathways regulate essential cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that MSCs accelerate wound closure, enhance collagen deposition, and modulate immune responses, contributing to improved tissue regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms provides valuable insights into MSC-based therapeutic strategies for enhancing wound healing.

Graphical abstract

Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and its derived-exosome treatment on skin regeneration and tissue repair via activation of different signaling pathways