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<p>Artificial defoliation serves not only as a simulation of natural abiotic stress but also as a practical silvicultural measure. To investigate the effects of defoliation on growth and physiology in <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> L., and to examine how the timing and intensity of leaf harvesting influence flavonoid yield, two-year-old ginkgo seedlings were subjected to treatments in which either one-third (mild defoliation) or two-thirds (severe defoliation) of the leaves were removed in June, July, or August. Growth, carbon synthesis, allocation and storage traits, as well as oxidative defense indicators, were measured following defoliation. The results indicated that defoliation-induced growth inhibition was time-dependent, with significant reductions in seedling height and ground diameter increment. The net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area decreased in remaining leaves, while soluble sugar and starch concentrations increased significantly in leaves but decreased in mature stems and roots. Severe defoliation resulted in a delayed recovery of carbon reserves in roots. Additionally, superoxide dismutase activity in leaf tissues increased progressively over time after defoliation, whereas soluble protein content was significantly elevated only in October. Mild defoliation led to a declining trend in flavonoid content over time, yet the total flavonoid yield across six treatment groups exceeded that of the control by 10.8% to 15.5%. We conclude that when leaves are harvested in October, the optimal strategy for maximizing flavonoid yield is mild defoliation in June.</p>

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Dynamic responses to defoliation timing and intensity in Ginkgo biloba seedlings: integrated physiological and biochemical perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Wenjie Tang,
  • Shuangyuan Yu,
  • Wei Tang,
  • Tianhui Gao,
  • Yuhua Liu,
  • Pengfei Yu,
  • Guibin Wang,
  • Jing Guo

摘要

Artificial defoliation serves not only as a simulation of natural abiotic stress but also as a practical silvicultural measure. To investigate the effects of defoliation on growth and physiology in Ginkgo biloba L., and to examine how the timing and intensity of leaf harvesting influence flavonoid yield, two-year-old ginkgo seedlings were subjected to treatments in which either one-third (mild defoliation) or two-thirds (severe defoliation) of the leaves were removed in June, July, or August. Growth, carbon synthesis, allocation and storage traits, as well as oxidative defense indicators, were measured following defoliation. The results indicated that defoliation-induced growth inhibition was time-dependent, with significant reductions in seedling height and ground diameter increment. The net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area decreased in remaining leaves, while soluble sugar and starch concentrations increased significantly in leaves but decreased in mature stems and roots. Severe defoliation resulted in a delayed recovery of carbon reserves in roots. Additionally, superoxide dismutase activity in leaf tissues increased progressively over time after defoliation, whereas soluble protein content was significantly elevated only in October. Mild defoliation led to a declining trend in flavonoid content over time, yet the total flavonoid yield across six treatment groups exceeded that of the control by 10.8% to 15.5%. We conclude that when leaves are harvested in October, the optimal strategy for maximizing flavonoid yield is mild defoliation in June.