<p>Horticulture crops face stresses that threaten their productivity and survival, making it imperative to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms governing their multi-stress responses. This investigation provides insights into the molecular and biochemical methodologies used to comprehend and control multi-stress responses in horticulture crops. This review explores the critical factors involved in addressing abiotic stress responses, the mechanisms by which plants sense and respond to abiotic stress conditions, the identification of candidate genes for drought and salt stress tolerance, the use of promoters for constitutive gene expression, molecular mechanisms of transcription factors in countering abiotic stress and the function of proteins in stress response. Transcriptional regulation involves controlling gene expression by binding transcription factors to certain DNA regions. Post-translational regulation encompasses alterations after protein synthesis, including phosphorylation or acetylation, which can potentially modify protein function. Epigenetic modification control refers to alterations in gene expression patterns that could be passed down across generations without any modifications to the DNA sequence itself. Gaining comprehension of these molecular and biochemical pathways is essential for formulating sustainable approaches to augment stress resilience in horticulture crops. By clarifying the mechanisms that drive stress responses and pinpointing crucial genes and proteins involved, scientists have investigated possibilities for genetic influence and biotechnological interventions to enhance the ability of crops to withstand adverse conditions. The study seeks to strengthen sustainable agricultural practices and ensure food security, particularly in changing climate scenarios.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>