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<p>The <i>SWEET4</i> gene plays a crucial role in regulating grain size. However, in barley, the relationship between <i>HvSWEET4</i> expression and grain size remains unexamined, and the transcriptional regulation of <i>SWEET4</i> during grain development is still largely unexplored. In this study, we employed two genetically unrelated six-rowed hulless barley varieties from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Beiqing3 (large grain) and 3917 (small grain), which showed marked differences in grain size. By integrating their phenotypic data and transcriptome profiles, we analyzed the expression patterns of <i>HvSWEET4</i> during grain development, its correlation with grain traits, and the transcriptional regulation mechanism of <i>HvSWEET4.</i> We found that the two varieties exhibited distinct <i>HvSWEET4</i> expression patterns: Beiqing3, which had higher <i>HvSWEET4</i> expression, initiated grain transport tissue development earlier than 3917. Compared to wild-type plants, lines overexpressing <i>HvSWEET4</i> exhibited significantly increased grain length, width, thickness, and weight. Both varieties shared an identical <i>HvSWEET4</i> coding sequence, displayed subtle differences in the promoter region, and maintained low methylation levels. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that the co‐expressed transcription factor modules highly correlated with <i>HvSWEET4</i>, as well as their core transcription factors, differed between the two varieties. Differences were also observed in both the expression levels of these core transcription factors and their binding sites within the promoter region. These findings suggest distinct patterns of <i>HvSWEET4</i> transcriptional regulation during grain development between the two genotypes, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of <i>HvSWEET4</i> in grain size regulation and highlighting its potential utility in barley breeding.</p>

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Cloning of HvSWEET4 from six-rowed hulless barley from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and analysis of its transcriptional regulation mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • En You,
  • Jinqing Xu,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Handong Wang,
  • Tongrui Chen,
  • Chao Deng,
  • Haiyan Bian,
  • Lu Lu,
  • Yihang Wang,
  • Yuhu Shen

摘要

The SWEET4 gene plays a crucial role in regulating grain size. However, in barley, the relationship between HvSWEET4 expression and grain size remains unexamined, and the transcriptional regulation of SWEET4 during grain development is still largely unexplored. In this study, we employed two genetically unrelated six-rowed hulless barley varieties from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Beiqing3 (large grain) and 3917 (small grain), which showed marked differences in grain size. By integrating their phenotypic data and transcriptome profiles, we analyzed the expression patterns of HvSWEET4 during grain development, its correlation with grain traits, and the transcriptional regulation mechanism of HvSWEET4. We found that the two varieties exhibited distinct HvSWEET4 expression patterns: Beiqing3, which had higher HvSWEET4 expression, initiated grain transport tissue development earlier than 3917. Compared to wild-type plants, lines overexpressing HvSWEET4 exhibited significantly increased grain length, width, thickness, and weight. Both varieties shared an identical HvSWEET4 coding sequence, displayed subtle differences in the promoter region, and maintained low methylation levels. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that the co‐expressed transcription factor modules highly correlated with HvSWEET4, as well as their core transcription factors, differed between the two varieties. Differences were also observed in both the expression levels of these core transcription factors and their binding sites within the promoter region. These findings suggest distinct patterns of HvSWEET4 transcriptional regulation during grain development between the two genotypes, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of HvSWEET4 in grain size regulation and highlighting its potential utility in barley breeding.