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<p>Türkiye possesses a rich genetic resource of local genotypes and cultivars of the pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.). In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of ‘Hocamız’ pear genotypes cultivated in the Malatya region were comprehensively investigated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 107 pear samples were analyzed, including 99 ‘Hocamız’ genotypes collected from four different regions, three local reference cultivars, and five international reference cultivars, using 10 SSR primer pairs. A total of 53 alleles were identified, with the highest polymorphism observed at the <i>CH01d09</i> locus (7 alleles). The average expected heterozygosity (<i>He)</i> was 0.413, while the observed heterozygosity <i>(Ho)</i> was 0.300. Based on the obtained data, genetically distinct genotypes were identified, and cases of identical genotypes, synonyms, and homonyms were detected. While most Hocamız pear genotypes exhibited a high degree of genetic similarity, genotypes 44-AKK-2, 44-HEK-7, and 44-AKDA-2 formed a separate group with approximately 90% similarity, whereas genotype 44-HEAB-3 was distinguished as more divergent, with approximately 80% similarity. Although all samples were referred to as ‘Hocamız’, two homonymous cases emerged due to differences in SSR similarities. STRUCTURE analysis (K = 3) revealed widespread genetic admixture among genotypes and indicated weak population differentiation, suggesting that the local ‘Hocamız’ pear genotypes largely share a common genetic background with diversity mainly associated with clonal variation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 92% of the total variation occurred within genotypes, while only a limited proportion was attributed to differences among populations. Multilocus genotype (MLG) analysis identified eight distinct genotypes, indicating a pronounced clonal structure in the studied material. Overall, genetic differentiation among genotypes was low, while within-population similarity was high, indicating a narrow genetic base shaped by clonal propagation. These findings provide valuable implications for the conservation and breeding of pear genetic resources.</p>

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Genetic characterization and population structure analysis of ‘Hocamız’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) genotypes from Malatya (Türkiye) by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Gültunay Eren,
  • Hüseyin Karlıdağ,
  • Canan Yüksel Özmen,
  • Ali Ergül

摘要

Türkiye possesses a rich genetic resource of local genotypes and cultivars of the pear (Pyrus communis L.). In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of ‘Hocamız’ pear genotypes cultivated in the Malatya region were comprehensively investigated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 107 pear samples were analyzed, including 99 ‘Hocamız’ genotypes collected from four different regions, three local reference cultivars, and five international reference cultivars, using 10 SSR primer pairs. A total of 53 alleles were identified, with the highest polymorphism observed at the CH01d09 locus (7 alleles). The average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.413, while the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.300. Based on the obtained data, genetically distinct genotypes were identified, and cases of identical genotypes, synonyms, and homonyms were detected. While most Hocamız pear genotypes exhibited a high degree of genetic similarity, genotypes 44-AKK-2, 44-HEK-7, and 44-AKDA-2 formed a separate group with approximately 90% similarity, whereas genotype 44-HEAB-3 was distinguished as more divergent, with approximately 80% similarity. Although all samples were referred to as ‘Hocamız’, two homonymous cases emerged due to differences in SSR similarities. STRUCTURE analysis (K = 3) revealed widespread genetic admixture among genotypes and indicated weak population differentiation, suggesting that the local ‘Hocamız’ pear genotypes largely share a common genetic background with diversity mainly associated with clonal variation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 92% of the total variation occurred within genotypes, while only a limited proportion was attributed to differences among populations. Multilocus genotype (MLG) analysis identified eight distinct genotypes, indicating a pronounced clonal structure in the studied material. Overall, genetic differentiation among genotypes was low, while within-population similarity was high, indicating a narrow genetic base shaped by clonal propagation. These findings provide valuable implications for the conservation and breeding of pear genetic resources.