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<p>Kenyan small-fruited mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) landraces are considered drought-tolerant and less susceptible to diseases. However, their cultivation is neglected in favour of exotic commercial cultivars. Identifying alternative uses for them such as medicinal agents may improve their value and encourage their conservation. This study sort to characterize the small-fruited Kenyan mango landraces by exploring their genetic and phytochemical variability, antioxidant potential and genotype-chemotype-environment relationship. Fresh healthy leaves were sampled from 60 small-fruited mango accessions in 9 natural and geographically distinct populations in Kenya. Genomic DNA and methanol extracts were obtained from the leaf samples by CTAB method and methanol maceration extraction respectively. The extracts were analysed for genotype using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and for chemotype using total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Results showed moderate genetic-geographic correlations (Mantel test r = 0.36, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Phytochemical assay revealed TPC variation ranging between 39.23 and 108.89&#xa0;mg&#xa0;GAE/g. Water availability, and anthropogenic disturbance, are implicated as the primary drivers of phenolic accumulation. Unlike TPC, TFC showed small, non-monotonic differences across regional and agroclimatic gradients, which did not align consistently with altitude or aridity. Genotype-chemotype correlation analyses showed that phytochemical variation is primarily environmentally determined. Antioxidant activities were stable across the populations, despite the three-fold TPC variation. This underscores the importance of phenolic composition over total quantity as a determinant of antioxidant potential. This antioxidant capacity stability means that any population of the Kenyan small-fruited mango landrace, from any region, can be confidently sourced for medicinal applications without compromising product consistency.</p>

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Genetic diversity, population structure, phytochemical diversity and antioxidant activity of Kenyan mango (Mangifera indica L.) landraces: implications for medicinal use and conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Evans Omwango,
  • Peter Kirira,
  • Ronnie Mwangi,
  • Justus Onguso

摘要

Kenyan small-fruited mango (Mangifera indica L.) landraces are considered drought-tolerant and less susceptible to diseases. However, their cultivation is neglected in favour of exotic commercial cultivars. Identifying alternative uses for them such as medicinal agents may improve their value and encourage their conservation. This study sort to characterize the small-fruited Kenyan mango landraces by exploring their genetic and phytochemical variability, antioxidant potential and genotype-chemotype-environment relationship. Fresh healthy leaves were sampled from 60 small-fruited mango accessions in 9 natural and geographically distinct populations in Kenya. Genomic DNA and methanol extracts were obtained from the leaf samples by CTAB method and methanol maceration extraction respectively. The extracts were analysed for genotype using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and for chemotype using total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Results showed moderate genetic-geographic correlations (Mantel test r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Phytochemical assay revealed TPC variation ranging between 39.23 and 108.89 mg GAE/g. Water availability, and anthropogenic disturbance, are implicated as the primary drivers of phenolic accumulation. Unlike TPC, TFC showed small, non-monotonic differences across regional and agroclimatic gradients, which did not align consistently with altitude or aridity. Genotype-chemotype correlation analyses showed that phytochemical variation is primarily environmentally determined. Antioxidant activities were stable across the populations, despite the three-fold TPC variation. This underscores the importance of phenolic composition over total quantity as a determinant of antioxidant potential. This antioxidant capacity stability means that any population of the Kenyan small-fruited mango landrace, from any region, can be confidently sourced for medicinal applications without compromising product consistency.