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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) is cultivated as a staple food all over the world. Functional markers&#xa0;(FMs) are highly&#xa0;reliable owing to their allele specificity. This study reports the survey of FMs on a set of 67 historical wheat cultivars comprising old and modern genotypes to assess the presence of alleles for important agronomic traits including plant height (PH), photoperiod response and drought stress tolerance. The data for agronomic traits of 67 genotypes were collected to validate the findings. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and PCA of agronomic traits revealed gradual shift in wheat genotypes towards reduced PH and photoperiod insensitivity across the eras without compromising yield attributes. The WMS-261 marker associated with <i>Rht-8</i> allele was surveyed on 67 selected genotypes, 43 genotypes were found to have 192&#xa0;bp allele associated with reduction in PH and shown overall a significant reduced height compared to 11 genotypes which exhibited amplification of 200&#xa0;bp fragment. Ppd-D1 marker for photoperiod response produced amplification for functional allele of <i>Ppd-D1b</i> (414&#xa0;bp) associated with photoperiod sensitivity in 11 genotypes mostly from pre-Green Revolution era while rest of the genotypes shown amplification of <i>Ppd-D1a</i> (288&#xa0;bp) associated with day length insensitivity except 14 genotypes which did not show any amplification. Days to flowering (DF) occurred earlier&#xa0;in insensitive genotypes than sensitive ones, whereas genotypes with no amplification exhibited&#xa0;significantly later DF&#xa0;relative to insensitive genotypes&#xa0;and earlier than sensitive ones. Presence of both <i>Ppd-D1a</i> (288&#xa0;bp) for photoperiod insensitivity and <i>Rht-8</i> (192&#xa0;bp) allele, associated with reduced PH which is presumed to be linked with high yield traits, was observed in 25 genotypes. The&#xa0;Dreb-B1 primers for abiotic stress tolerance amplified 717&#xa0;bp fragment in all genotypes except nine wheat genotypes. Seven of the nine genotypes, excluding Miraj 2008 and AARI 2011, were released during 1965 to 1990. The GLM-based association analysis revealed a significant association of WMS-261 and Ppd-D1 makers with PH, DF, DM and other yield-related traits in wheat genotypes, validating the significance of these markers in genetic selection. The study revealed a gradual adaptation of superior agronomic traits over time and generated valuable data related to wheat genotypes used in study in context of genetic selection.</p>

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Molecular evaluation of superior agronomic traits in local wheat germplasm using functional markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Muhammad Qamar Ashfaq,
  • Andleeb Anjum Qazalbash,
  • Tayyaba Shaheen,
  • Arzish Javaid,
  • M. Qandeel Waheed,
  • Anjuman Arif

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is cultivated as a staple food all over the world. Functional markers (FMs) are highly reliable owing to their allele specificity. This study reports the survey of FMs on a set of 67 historical wheat cultivars comprising old and modern genotypes to assess the presence of alleles for important agronomic traits including plant height (PH), photoperiod response and drought stress tolerance. The data for agronomic traits of 67 genotypes were collected to validate the findings. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and PCA of agronomic traits revealed gradual shift in wheat genotypes towards reduced PH and photoperiod insensitivity across the eras without compromising yield attributes. The WMS-261 marker associated with Rht-8 allele was surveyed on 67 selected genotypes, 43 genotypes were found to have 192 bp allele associated with reduction in PH and shown overall a significant reduced height compared to 11 genotypes which exhibited amplification of 200 bp fragment. Ppd-D1 marker for photoperiod response produced amplification for functional allele of Ppd-D1b (414 bp) associated with photoperiod sensitivity in 11 genotypes mostly from pre-Green Revolution era while rest of the genotypes shown amplification of Ppd-D1a (288 bp) associated with day length insensitivity except 14 genotypes which did not show any amplification. Days to flowering (DF) occurred earlier in insensitive genotypes than sensitive ones, whereas genotypes with no amplification exhibited significantly later DF relative to insensitive genotypes and earlier than sensitive ones. Presence of both Ppd-D1a (288 bp) for photoperiod insensitivity and Rht-8 (192 bp) allele, associated with reduced PH which is presumed to be linked with high yield traits, was observed in 25 genotypes. The Dreb-B1 primers for abiotic stress tolerance amplified 717 bp fragment in all genotypes except nine wheat genotypes. Seven of the nine genotypes, excluding Miraj 2008 and AARI 2011, were released during 1965 to 1990. The GLM-based association analysis revealed a significant association of WMS-261 and Ppd-D1 makers with PH, DF, DM and other yield-related traits in wheat genotypes, validating the significance of these markers in genetic selection. The study revealed a gradual adaptation of superior agronomic traits over time and generated valuable data related to wheat genotypes used in study in context of genetic selection.