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<p>The erosion of genetic diversity in cultivated crops underscores the critical need to characterize and utilize <i>ex-situ</i> germplasm collections. We performed the first high-resolution, multi-trait phenotypic evaluation of the unique okra collection preserved in the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (NPGBI). Seventy-five geographically diverse accessions alongside nine commercial genotypes were evaluated over two growing seasons (2020–2021) based on 14 quantitative and 15 qualitative traits. The results revealed significant variation (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) for most traits. Notably high coefficients of variation were recorded for leaf area index and fruit weight per plant. The collection exhibited remarkable qualitative diversity, with the highest Shannon–Weaver (H') index values for leaf shape (1.720) and fruit color (1.170). Cluster analysis delineated four distinct groups, with Cluster I and II harboring accessions with superior seed weight and fruit yield components, respectively. Also, cluster II and IV can be prioritized as a good selection criterion for fruit mucilage content and number of fruits per plant, respectively. Pronounced correlations were revealed among traits, such as a strong positive association between days to flowering and fruit width (r = 0.52), and negative correlation between fruit length and width (r = -0.49), providing insights for specific selection strategies. This study unveils the substantial and previously undocumented genetic potential within the NPGBI okra collection. The identified accessions with extreme phenotypes for early maturity, high fruit yield, seed weight, and unique fruit quality traits constitute a valuable genetic resource. Collectively, our findings establish a robust phenotypic roadmap for deploying targeted hybridization and selection strategies to develop resilient, high-yielding okra cultivars tailored to market and environmental demands.</p>

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Unveiling agronomic potential: comprehensive assessment of morphological and qualitative diversity in Iranian okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) germplasm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Manni Marefatzadeh-Khameneh,
  • Farangis Ghanavati,
  • Masoud Soltani-Najafabadi,
  • Pegah Beyzaei

摘要

The erosion of genetic diversity in cultivated crops underscores the critical need to characterize and utilize ex-situ germplasm collections. We performed the first high-resolution, multi-trait phenotypic evaluation of the unique okra collection preserved in the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (NPGBI). Seventy-five geographically diverse accessions alongside nine commercial genotypes were evaluated over two growing seasons (2020–2021) based on 14 quantitative and 15 qualitative traits. The results revealed significant variation (P < 0.01) for most traits. Notably high coefficients of variation were recorded for leaf area index and fruit weight per plant. The collection exhibited remarkable qualitative diversity, with the highest Shannon–Weaver (H') index values for leaf shape (1.720) and fruit color (1.170). Cluster analysis delineated four distinct groups, with Cluster I and II harboring accessions with superior seed weight and fruit yield components, respectively. Also, cluster II and IV can be prioritized as a good selection criterion for fruit mucilage content and number of fruits per plant, respectively. Pronounced correlations were revealed among traits, such as a strong positive association between days to flowering and fruit width (r = 0.52), and negative correlation between fruit length and width (r = -0.49), providing insights for specific selection strategies. This study unveils the substantial and previously undocumented genetic potential within the NPGBI okra collection. The identified accessions with extreme phenotypes for early maturity, high fruit yield, seed weight, and unique fruit quality traits constitute a valuable genetic resource. Collectively, our findings establish a robust phenotypic roadmap for deploying targeted hybridization and selection strategies to develop resilient, high-yielding okra cultivars tailored to market and environmental demands.