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<p>The genus <i>Crocus</i> is among the most diverse genera of petaloid monocots. Cytologically, crocuses are notable for their extensive karyological variation. Within this genus, the <i>Crocus adamii</i> aggregate represents a particularly complex taxonomic group, primarily distributed across northern and northwestern Iran and adjacent countries. In recent years, 14 species within this group have been described from Iran, though most lack supporting taxonomic evidence beyond morphological data. To address this gap, we conducted karyological analyses on 12 accessions—comprising eight formally described species and three unnamed taxa—from the <i>C. adamii</i> group. Chromosome counts revealed a wide range of configurations, including 2<i>n</i> = 16, 18, 20, 20 + 1B, 22, 22 + 1, 6, 8, and 10B. To our knowledge, chromosome counts for all 12 investigated taxa are new to science. Mitotic spreads and idiograms were prepared to visualize the observed karyological variation. Statistical analysis was performed on five estimated karyotypic parameters. A notable finding was the negative correlation between chromosome number and total haploid length of chromosome complement. Additionally, karyotypes from two northern Iranian collections exhibited greater asymmetry compared to those from the northwest. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed that species with close geographic proximity tend to share similar karyotypic traits. However, exceptions such as <i>C. reinhardii</i> and <i>C. inghamii</i>, which inhabit adjacent areas yet display marked karyological divergence, highlight the complexity of chromosomal evolution within the group. The diversity in chromosome numbers observed across these taxa highlights the pivotal role of dysploidy in the diversification and evolutionary trajectory of the <i>C. adamii</i> aggregate, underscoring the importance of integrative approaches in future taxonomic treatments.</p>

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Cytogenetic insights into the Crocus adamii group (Iridaceae), first karyological data for 12 Iranian taxa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Javad Shaghaghi,
  • Jafar Ahmadi,
  • Alireza Dolatyari,
  • Sedigheh Fabriki-Ourang,
  • Ardeshir Qaderi

摘要

The genus Crocus is among the most diverse genera of petaloid monocots. Cytologically, crocuses are notable for their extensive karyological variation. Within this genus, the Crocus adamii aggregate represents a particularly complex taxonomic group, primarily distributed across northern and northwestern Iran and adjacent countries. In recent years, 14 species within this group have been described from Iran, though most lack supporting taxonomic evidence beyond morphological data. To address this gap, we conducted karyological analyses on 12 accessions—comprising eight formally described species and three unnamed taxa—from the C. adamii group. Chromosome counts revealed a wide range of configurations, including 2n = 16, 18, 20, 20 + 1B, 22, 22 + 1, 6, 8, and 10B. To our knowledge, chromosome counts for all 12 investigated taxa are new to science. Mitotic spreads and idiograms were prepared to visualize the observed karyological variation. Statistical analysis was performed on five estimated karyotypic parameters. A notable finding was the negative correlation between chromosome number and total haploid length of chromosome complement. Additionally, karyotypes from two northern Iranian collections exhibited greater asymmetry compared to those from the northwest. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed that species with close geographic proximity tend to share similar karyotypic traits. However, exceptions such as C. reinhardii and C. inghamii, which inhabit adjacent areas yet display marked karyological divergence, highlight the complexity of chromosomal evolution within the group. The diversity in chromosome numbers observed across these taxa highlights the pivotal role of dysploidy in the diversification and evolutionary trajectory of the C. adamii aggregate, underscoring the importance of integrative approaches in future taxonomic treatments.