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<p>Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) is one of the most economically and nutritionally important tropical fruit crops worldwide, yet comprehensive assessments of its global genetic diversity remain limited. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure, and relationships among 126 mango accessions representing diverse geographic origins conserved in Oman, using 64 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR loci revealed high allelic richness and polymorphism, with elevated polymorphic information content and substantial heterozygosity, confirming the high discriminatory power of the marker set. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most genetic variation resided within populations, while a smaller but significant proportion was distributed among populations, reflecting both extensive germplasm exchange and population differentiation. Pairwise genetic distance and Fst analyses demonstrated strong differentiation among several geographic populations, despite low inbreeding coefficients, consistent with mango’s outcrossing nature and clonal propagation. Multivariate (principal coordinate analysis [PCoA]), Bayesian clustering (STRUCTURE), and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analyses revealed limited geographic structuring and widespread admixture, highlighting the impact of human-mediated dispersal and historical introductions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the Omani mango germplasm harbors broad global genetic diversity and represents a valuable reservoir for conservation and breeding programs aimed at crop improvement and resilience.</p>

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Global genetic diversity and population structure of mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm conserved in Oman revealed through simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Abdullah Al-Jabri,
  • Al-Ghaliya Al-Mamari,
  • Ali Al-Adawi,
  • Muhammed Al-Jabri,
  • Wafa Al-Shibli,
  • Muna Al-Jabri

摘要

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most economically and nutritionally important tropical fruit crops worldwide, yet comprehensive assessments of its global genetic diversity remain limited. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure, and relationships among 126 mango accessions representing diverse geographic origins conserved in Oman, using 64 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR loci revealed high allelic richness and polymorphism, with elevated polymorphic information content and substantial heterozygosity, confirming the high discriminatory power of the marker set. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most genetic variation resided within populations, while a smaller but significant proportion was distributed among populations, reflecting both extensive germplasm exchange and population differentiation. Pairwise genetic distance and Fst analyses demonstrated strong differentiation among several geographic populations, despite low inbreeding coefficients, consistent with mango’s outcrossing nature and clonal propagation. Multivariate (principal coordinate analysis [PCoA]), Bayesian clustering (STRUCTURE), and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analyses revealed limited geographic structuring and widespread admixture, highlighting the impact of human-mediated dispersal and historical introductions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the Omani mango germplasm harbors broad global genetic diversity and represents a valuable reservoir for conservation and breeding programs aimed at crop improvement and resilience.