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<p>Butterfly pea (<i>Clitoria ternatea</i>) is an Indonesian unique and underutilized Indonesian germplasm. The plant is used in traditional ceremonies, food, animal feed, and medicine, but it is rarely cultivated and mostly grows wild. Sustainable breeding begins with the identification of morphological diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current status of butterfly pea in North Maluku, Indonesia, estimate the morphological diversity, and identify distinguishing traits. Field surveys were conducted across the islands of Ternate, Tidore, and Morotai, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A total of 31 accessions were obtained, and 214 respondents were interviewed. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed eigenvalues ranging from 1.15 to 5.92, with a cumulative diversity coefficient of 82.83%, reflecting high morphological variability. Key distinguishing traits included characteristics of leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds, particularly flower breadth, vexillum width, and pistil length. In conclusion, morphological diversity data can guide breeding programs, while germplasm conservation is essential to prevent extinction.</p>

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Morphological characterization and ethnobotanical assessment of indigenous butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) in Northern Maluku, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Nurhasanah Nurhasanah,
  • Haris Maulana,
  • Virda Aziza,
  • Tarkus Suganda,
  • Reginawanti Hindersah,
  • Vergel Concibido,
  • Agung Karuniawan

摘要

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is an Indonesian unique and underutilized Indonesian germplasm. The plant is used in traditional ceremonies, food, animal feed, and medicine, but it is rarely cultivated and mostly grows wild. Sustainable breeding begins with the identification of morphological diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current status of butterfly pea in North Maluku, Indonesia, estimate the morphological diversity, and identify distinguishing traits. Field surveys were conducted across the islands of Ternate, Tidore, and Morotai, where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A total of 31 accessions were obtained, and 214 respondents were interviewed. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed eigenvalues ranging from 1.15 to 5.92, with a cumulative diversity coefficient of 82.83%, reflecting high morphological variability. Key distinguishing traits included characteristics of leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds, particularly flower breadth, vexillum width, and pistil length. In conclusion, morphological diversity data can guide breeding programs, while germplasm conservation is essential to prevent extinction.