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<p>Gene banks serve as the primary ex-situ repositories safeguarding plant genetic resources (PGR) for food and agriculture. However, limited information on the genetic diversity within conserved PGR restricts their effective utilization in breeding and food security initiatives. In the present study, 41 sesame accessions conserved at the Seed Center and PGR Bank, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were analysed to assess their genetic diversity using whole genome resequencing (WGS). A total of 52,548 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across the genome. Kinship, identity-by-state (IBS) and identity-by-descent (IBD) analyses revealed that accessions SE32 and SE2 exhibited the highest levels of genetic diversity, whereas SE18, SE38, SE39, SE40, SE41, SE46, SE48 and SE71 showed close genetic similarity, suggesting possible shared ancestry or limited gene flow among these regional groups. The average values observed for polymorphism information content, minor allele frequency, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity were 0.28, 0.25, 0.075, and 0.3, respectively. Population structure and principal component analysis divided the accessions into two major groups, while phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clusters. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 91% of the total genetic variation occurred among populations and 9% within populations. Moreover, DNA fingerprints were developed using 150 informative SNP markers, capable of distinguishing all accessions. These findings demonstrate substantial genetic diversity within the Saudi sesame collection and highlight the value of WGS for germplasm curation, cultivars identification and the development of efficient breeding and conservation strategies.</p>

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Robust biodiversity assessment and DNA fingerprinting of Saudi and Exotic sesame germplasm using whole genome resequencing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Naser B. Almarri,
  • Nada M. Alsofuani,
  • Sara Osman,
  • Shakeel Ahmad,
  • Mohanad A. Ibrahim,
  • Salwa M. Mostafa,
  • Omar A. Al-Haidar,
  • Sara M. Alomran,
  • Ibrahim Alrashidi,
  • Rida Tariq

摘要

Gene banks serve as the primary ex-situ repositories safeguarding plant genetic resources (PGR) for food and agriculture. However, limited information on the genetic diversity within conserved PGR restricts their effective utilization in breeding and food security initiatives. In the present study, 41 sesame accessions conserved at the Seed Center and PGR Bank, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were analysed to assess their genetic diversity using whole genome resequencing (WGS). A total of 52,548 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified across the genome. Kinship, identity-by-state (IBS) and identity-by-descent (IBD) analyses revealed that accessions SE32 and SE2 exhibited the highest levels of genetic diversity, whereas SE18, SE38, SE39, SE40, SE41, SE46, SE48 and SE71 showed close genetic similarity, suggesting possible shared ancestry or limited gene flow among these regional groups. The average values observed for polymorphism information content, minor allele frequency, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity were 0.28, 0.25, 0.075, and 0.3, respectively. Population structure and principal component analysis divided the accessions into two major groups, while phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct clusters. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 91% of the total genetic variation occurred among populations and 9% within populations. Moreover, DNA fingerprints were developed using 150 informative SNP markers, capable of distinguishing all accessions. These findings demonstrate substantial genetic diversity within the Saudi sesame collection and highlight the value of WGS for germplasm curation, cultivars identification and the development of efficient breeding and conservation strategies.