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<p>Wheat landraces are characterized by good adaptation to the climatic conditions of the local environment and serve as a potential reservoir of desirable allelic forms of valuable traits. Iran is a country with diverse climates and part of the center of wheat origin. This study aimed to assess the population structure of Iranian wheat landraces and to determine the impact of geography versus climate on their genetic differentiation. A collection of 268 hexaploid wheat landraces, collected from diverse climatic and geographical regions of Iran, was genotyped with 45,215 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the proportion of genetic variation within populations was higher than the variation among them, for both geographic and climatic groupings. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) precisely assessed population structure, successfully differentiating some predefined groups, including eastern from northern regions and hot-dry from moderate-rainy climates. The differentiation based on climatic conditions was more distinct than that based on geographical provenance. The observed overlap and incomplete separation between groups indicate that climatic and geographic factors alone cannot explain the complex population structure of Iranian wheat landraces. Human factors, including seed exchange and artificial selection by farmers, likely contribute to this pattern. The findings of this study can be utilized in research where accurately describing population structure is critical.</p>

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A molecular perspective on 268 landraces from Iran of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) representing five geographical and four climate zones of the country

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月7日

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  • Shima Seyvani Nezhad,
  • Hadi Alipour,
  • Reza Darvishzadeh,
  • Hossein Abdi

摘要

Wheat landraces are characterized by good adaptation to the climatic conditions of the local environment and serve as a potential reservoir of desirable allelic forms of valuable traits. Iran is a country with diverse climates and part of the center of wheat origin. This study aimed to assess the population structure of Iranian wheat landraces and to determine the impact of geography versus climate on their genetic differentiation. A collection of 268 hexaploid wheat landraces, collected from diverse climatic and geographical regions of Iran, was genotyped with 45,215 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the proportion of genetic variation within populations was higher than the variation among them, for both geographic and climatic groupings. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) precisely assessed population structure, successfully differentiating some predefined groups, including eastern from northern regions and hot-dry from moderate-rainy climates. The differentiation based on climatic conditions was more distinct than that based on geographical provenance. The observed overlap and incomplete separation between groups indicate that climatic and geographic factors alone cannot explain the complex population structure of Iranian wheat landraces. Human factors, including seed exchange and artificial selection by farmers, likely contribute to this pattern. The findings of this study can be utilized in research where accurately describing population structure is critical.