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<p>Genetic diversity in plums and apricots is limited, necessitating interspecific hybridization to introduce desired traits and expand their gene pool. This study aimed to evaluate pollination success between selected apricot (<i>Prunus armeniaca</i> L.) and plum (<i>P. salicina</i> L.) cultivars, contributing to the development of new hybrids with enhanced genetic diversity. A stone fruit breeding program was initiated in 2020 at the Horticultural&#xa0;Research Station of Department of Horticulture, Campus&#xa0;of&#xa0;Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. This program utilized some wild genotypes and selected commercial plum cultivars with apricot cultivars. Pollination success was assessed across different combinations between various apricot and plum cultivars over 2020 and 2021. To avoid post-pollination incompatibility, hybrid embryos were rescued 60–65 DAP in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mgL<sup>−1</sup> BA and 0.5 mgL<sup>−1</sup> IBA. Hybrid verification was performed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers alongside with stem and leaf morphology analysis. Plums and apricots demonstrated compatibility as pollinators, but no hybrid fruits developed when apricots were used as the pistil source. The ‘Japanese’ plum exhibited the highest fruit set, averaging 11.11% at 28 DAP, decreasing to 6.32% at 65 DAP. The ‘Santa-Rosa’ produced the lowest number of hybrid seeds due to its naturally low-bearing habit. Hybrid confirmation analysis verified that all hypothesized hybrids from the 22 pollination combinations were true hybrids. This study provides essential data for the ongoing stone fruit breeding program, contributing to the genetic enhancement of <i>Prunus</i> species. Future research will focus on the development of new cultivars with specific desirable traits.</p>

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Enhancing genetic diversity in stone fruits: interbreeding Prunus salicina L. × P. armeniaca in Iran using embryo rescue method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • Adnan Sallom,
  • Reza Fatahi,
  • Zabihollah Zamani,
  • Ali Ebadi

摘要

Genetic diversity in plums and apricots is limited, necessitating interspecific hybridization to introduce desired traits and expand their gene pool. This study aimed to evaluate pollination success between selected apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and plum (P. salicina L.) cultivars, contributing to the development of new hybrids with enhanced genetic diversity. A stone fruit breeding program was initiated in 2020 at the Horticultural Research Station of Department of Horticulture, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. This program utilized some wild genotypes and selected commercial plum cultivars with apricot cultivars. Pollination success was assessed across different combinations between various apricot and plum cultivars over 2020 and 2021. To avoid post-pollination incompatibility, hybrid embryos were rescued 60–65 DAP in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mgL−1 BA and 0.5 mgL−1 IBA. Hybrid verification was performed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers alongside with stem and leaf morphology analysis. Plums and apricots demonstrated compatibility as pollinators, but no hybrid fruits developed when apricots were used as the pistil source. The ‘Japanese’ plum exhibited the highest fruit set, averaging 11.11% at 28 DAP, decreasing to 6.32% at 65 DAP. The ‘Santa-Rosa’ produced the lowest number of hybrid seeds due to its naturally low-bearing habit. Hybrid confirmation analysis verified that all hypothesized hybrids from the 22 pollination combinations were true hybrids. This study provides essential data for the ongoing stone fruit breeding program, contributing to the genetic enhancement of Prunus species. Future research will focus on the development of new cultivars with specific desirable traits.