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<p><i>Copaifera multijuga</i> Hayne is an Amazonian species of great socioeconomic importance due to its oleoresin. Efforts have been made to genetically characterize populations, which are targets of intense exploratory pressure. In our study, we aimed to estimate the levels of diversity present in four native populations located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and the differentiation among them. We collected samples from 192 productive and non-productive oleoresin trees (48 per area) and, by using seven specific microsatellite markers, we estimated the following main genetic parameters: observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, total number of alleles (A), fixation index (<i>f</i>), polymorphic information content (PIC), pairwise genetic differentiation coefficient (F<sub>ST</sub>), and number of probable genetic clusters (K) among others. The set of markers used resulted in <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10722_2025_2515_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="30" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{\text{PIC} }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mover> <mtext>PIC</mtext> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> values greater than 0.57. A total of 63 alleles (A) were detected, in addition to the presence of private alleles in the populations, except in IRB (Iranduba). The overall mean of the He ranged from 0.630 to 0.742 and Ho ranged from 0.462 to 0.643. The genetic differentiation among the populations was significant (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.218, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the Bayesian approach converged to the formation of four well-defined clusters (K). In addition, three potential barriers to gene flow were observed, possibly explained by the correlation between the ecological characteristics of the species and the geography of the sampling region (hydrographic network). Our results, in addition to contributing to the understanding of how anthropogenic pressures impact the genetic heritage of the species, are useful when making decisions about the best conservation strategies.</p>

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Assessing the diversity and genetic differentiation among native populations of Copaifera multijuga Hayne using microsatellite markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月15日

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  • Rayssa Gomes Vasconcelos,
  • Raquel da Silva Medeiros,
  • Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio,
  • Thiago da Silva Nascimento,
  • Antonio Saulo Cunha-Machado

摘要

Copaifera multijuga Hayne is an Amazonian species of great socioeconomic importance due to its oleoresin. Efforts have been made to genetically characterize populations, which are targets of intense exploratory pressure. In our study, we aimed to estimate the levels of diversity present in four native populations located in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and the differentiation among them. We collected samples from 192 productive and non-productive oleoresin trees (48 per area) and, by using seven specific microsatellite markers, we estimated the following main genetic parameters: observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, total number of alleles (A), fixation index (f), polymorphic information content (PIC), pairwise genetic differentiation coefficient (FST), and number of probable genetic clusters (K) among others. The set of markers used resulted in \(\overline{\text{PIC} }\) PIC ¯ values greater than 0.57. A total of 63 alleles (A) were detected, in addition to the presence of private alleles in the populations, except in IRB (Iranduba). The overall mean of the He ranged from 0.630 to 0.742 and Ho ranged from 0.462 to 0.643. The genetic differentiation among the populations was significant (FST = 0.218, p < 0.001) and the Bayesian approach converged to the formation of four well-defined clusters (K). In addition, three potential barriers to gene flow were observed, possibly explained by the correlation between the ecological characteristics of the species and the geography of the sampling region (hydrographic network). Our results, in addition to contributing to the understanding of how anthropogenic pressures impact the genetic heritage of the species, are useful when making decisions about the best conservation strategies.