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<p>The characterization of 16 rice landraces across 39 phenotypic traits, following Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability guidelines, revealed significant genetic diversity. Fifty percent showed early maturity and complete panicle exertion, and 43.75% exhibited high 1000-grain weight. Low amylose content (10.23–15.56%) was prevalent, caryopsis ultrastructure varied widely in compound starch granule morphology (spherical to hexagonal, 9.04–16.92&#xa0;μm) and the protein bodies were abundant in the Aus White, Lalbachidhan, Bodo, and Sugandha. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences at the <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 level among landraces, with Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation generally exceeding Genotypic Coefficient of Variation except for cooked kernel length, aroma, gel consistency, and anthocyanin content. Correlation analysis showed negative associations between awn length and spikelet fertility (r =  − 0.40), and 1000-grain weight with plant height (r =  − 0.46) and heading date (r =  − 0.40), while gelatinization temperature correlated positively with cooking time (r = 0.93). Antioxidant activity was positively linked to anthocyanin (r = 0.82) and phenolic content (r = 0.77), but negatively to protein content (r =  − 0.61). Principal component analysis identified five components explaining 81.31% of variation, and hierarchical clustering grouped landraces into two major clusters. These results highlight substantial diversity, offering valuable insights for breeding high-yielding, nutrient-rich, and industrially suitable rice cultivars.</p>

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From field to nutrition: a comprehensive evaluation of agro-morphological, phytochemical and grain quality traits in rice landraces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Bhumika T. Yonzon,
  • Jayita Sarkar,
  • Shukdeb Sarkar,
  • Satyam Tamang,
  • Subhas Chandra Roy

摘要

The characterization of 16 rice landraces across 39 phenotypic traits, following Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability guidelines, revealed significant genetic diversity. Fifty percent showed early maturity and complete panicle exertion, and 43.75% exhibited high 1000-grain weight. Low amylose content (10.23–15.56%) was prevalent, caryopsis ultrastructure varied widely in compound starch granule morphology (spherical to hexagonal, 9.04–16.92 μm) and the protein bodies were abundant in the Aus White, Lalbachidhan, Bodo, and Sugandha. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences at the p < 0.001 level among landraces, with Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation generally exceeding Genotypic Coefficient of Variation except for cooked kernel length, aroma, gel consistency, and anthocyanin content. Correlation analysis showed negative associations between awn length and spikelet fertility (r =  − 0.40), and 1000-grain weight with plant height (r =  − 0.46) and heading date (r =  − 0.40), while gelatinization temperature correlated positively with cooking time (r = 0.93). Antioxidant activity was positively linked to anthocyanin (r = 0.82) and phenolic content (r = 0.77), but negatively to protein content (r =  − 0.61). Principal component analysis identified five components explaining 81.31% of variation, and hierarchical clustering grouped landraces into two major clusters. These results highlight substantial diversity, offering valuable insights for breeding high-yielding, nutrient-rich, and industrially suitable rice cultivars.