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<p>Wild soybeans (<i>Glycine soja</i> Sieb. &amp; Zucc.), the progenitor of cultivated soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.), offer a wealth of genetic resources to enhance the use of soybean cultivars in agriculture. However, wild soybean seeds typically possess a rigid and compact seed coat that causing impermeability. This poses challenges for germination, which significantly impedes the exploration and exploitation of wild soybean resources. In this study, five methods, including drastic temperature change (DTC), sandpaper scarification (SSC), immersion with concentrated sulfuric acid (CSA), room temperature (25&#xa0;°C) alkali (RTA) and hot (40&#xa0;°C) alkali (HOA), were utilized to treat the wild soybean seeds. The germination rate and potential of seeds pre- and post-treatment were measured to determine the optimal method to disrupt the hard seededness (HS) trait of the wild soybeans. Seeds treated with CSA for 20&#xa0;min had the highest germination rate (96.11%) followed by DTC and HOA treatments. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the wild soybean seeds are covered by a dense cuticle layer, which blocks the entry of water. Treatment with CSA removed most of the cuticle of the seed coat. This exposed the micropyle, and many cracks and microcracks appeared on the seed coat, which may result in seed coats that are permeable to water. These findings suggest that the dense cuticle is the primary factor that contributes to the HS of wild soybeans, and treatment with CSA can disrupt the physical dormancy by disrupting the cuticle.</p>

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Breaking wild soybean seed physical dormancy: optimal methods and seed coat structural changes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Yujie Gong,
  • Dongxue Zhang,
  • Jiaqi Lv,
  • Peng Lv,
  • Xinyan Zhao,
  • Qi Sha,
  • Wen Zhou,
  • Yongwang Sun

摘要

Wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.), the progenitor of cultivated soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), offer a wealth of genetic resources to enhance the use of soybean cultivars in agriculture. However, wild soybean seeds typically possess a rigid and compact seed coat that causing impermeability. This poses challenges for germination, which significantly impedes the exploration and exploitation of wild soybean resources. In this study, five methods, including drastic temperature change (DTC), sandpaper scarification (SSC), immersion with concentrated sulfuric acid (CSA), room temperature (25 °C) alkali (RTA) and hot (40 °C) alkali (HOA), were utilized to treat the wild soybean seeds. The germination rate and potential of seeds pre- and post-treatment were measured to determine the optimal method to disrupt the hard seededness (HS) trait of the wild soybeans. Seeds treated with CSA for 20 min had the highest germination rate (96.11%) followed by DTC and HOA treatments. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the wild soybean seeds are covered by a dense cuticle layer, which blocks the entry of water. Treatment with CSA removed most of the cuticle of the seed coat. This exposed the micropyle, and many cracks and microcracks appeared on the seed coat, which may result in seed coats that are permeable to water. These findings suggest that the dense cuticle is the primary factor that contributes to the HS of wild soybeans, and treatment with CSA can disrupt the physical dormancy by disrupting the cuticle.