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<p>Chickpea typically produces a single flower per peduncle or axis. However, some germplasm lines and cultivars have been reported to produce 2–9 flowers per peduncle. The number of pods per plant and seed size are critical yield-contributing traits in chickpea, making the number of flowers per peduncle a key factor in determining both the number of pods per peduncle and the overall number of pods per plant. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms and genes underlying these traits have been studied minimally. Loss of function of the <i>SINGLE FLOWER </i> locus (<i>SFL</i>) is associated with the double-flower trait in chickpea. In this study, allelic patterns in <i>SFL</i> and its homologs were evaluated using deletion-flanking primers reported by Caballo et al. (New Phytol 234:827–836, 2022) in Indian chickpea cultivars and germplasm, as well as by analysing whole-genome resequence data of double-flower and single-flower genotypes. Most Indian chickpea cultivars with the double-flower trait exhibit a deletion of the 44&#xa0;kb <i>SFL</i> flanking region, as seen in JG 62. Accessions such as ICC 14340, ICC 10919, ICC 15939, and IPC 08–69 possess a 44&#xa0;kb insertion with a missense mutation in <i>SFL</i> that causes the double-flower trait. ICC 15939 has a novel non-synonymous mutation at position 28,964,581 in exon 1, resulting in a glycine-to-arginine substitution. Interestingly, accession ICC 16853 shows no mutation in <i>SFL</i>; however, it has a frameshift mutation in its homolog LOC101501888 (<i>CaRAX1/2c</i>), resulting in its double-flower trait. Conversely, ICC 17124 harbours multiple mutations in <i>SFL</i> that do not affect its phenotype and produces a single flower per peduncle. However, it possesses deleterious mutations in six other <i>RAX</i> and <i>MYB</i> genes, leading to segregation that results in the production of 3–9 flowers per peduncle in its F<sub>2</sub> segregants.</p>

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Validation of markers linked to the double flower per peduncle trait in Indian chickpea cultivars and germplasm: genetic variation in SFL and other R2R3-MYB transcription factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月10日

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  • P. S. Shanmugavadivel,
  • A K. Srivastava,
  • M. Senthil Kumar,
  • Aravind Kumar Konda,
  • Anamika Kushwaha,
  • Jyotirmay Dubey,
  • Shivam Anand,
  • Meenal Rathore,
  • Girish Prasad Dixit

摘要

Chickpea typically produces a single flower per peduncle or axis. However, some germplasm lines and cultivars have been reported to produce 2–9 flowers per peduncle. The number of pods per plant and seed size are critical yield-contributing traits in chickpea, making the number of flowers per peduncle a key factor in determining both the number of pods per peduncle and the overall number of pods per plant. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms and genes underlying these traits have been studied minimally. Loss of function of the SINGLE FLOWER locus (SFL) is associated with the double-flower trait in chickpea. In this study, allelic patterns in SFL and its homologs were evaluated using deletion-flanking primers reported by Caballo et al. (New Phytol 234:827–836, 2022) in Indian chickpea cultivars and germplasm, as well as by analysing whole-genome resequence data of double-flower and single-flower genotypes. Most Indian chickpea cultivars with the double-flower trait exhibit a deletion of the 44 kb SFL flanking region, as seen in JG 62. Accessions such as ICC 14340, ICC 10919, ICC 15939, and IPC 08–69 possess a 44 kb insertion with a missense mutation in SFL that causes the double-flower trait. ICC 15939 has a novel non-synonymous mutation at position 28,964,581 in exon 1, resulting in a glycine-to-arginine substitution. Interestingly, accession ICC 16853 shows no mutation in SFL; however, it has a frameshift mutation in its homolog LOC101501888 (CaRAX1/2c), resulting in its double-flower trait. Conversely, ICC 17124 harbours multiple mutations in SFL that do not affect its phenotype and produces a single flower per peduncle. However, it possesses deleterious mutations in six other RAX and MYB genes, leading to segregation that results in the production of 3–9 flowers per peduncle in its F2 segregants.