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<p>The maintenance of traditional agricultural practices in protected small islands is closely linked to the preservation of the land, the protection of natural resources, and the conservation of local traditions. For this purpose, the Tuscan Archipelago National Park promoted the census of ancient horticultural cultivars preserved by some farmers on the island of Elba. The survey revealed a deep-rooted historical, cultural, social, and economic link between this germplasm and the island’s territory. The landrace was studied under different aspects: ethnobotanical, morphological, and genetic. One landrace and one naturalized landrace of the <i>Brassica oleracea</i> and three of the <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> were identified and analysed. Morpho-phenological data were collected from the Elban landraces in field trials. Official cultivar descriptions were compiled following UPOV and/or CPVO protocols. To ensure that the Elban landraces were unique and distinct, a comparison was made using molecular markers with other landraces and cultivars identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics or territorial proximity. In total, the cabbage landraces were compared with three cabbage landraces and cultivars and the common bean landraces with nine landraces and cultivars. Ten different simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were considered for the <i>Phaseolus</i> species and nine for the <i>Brassica</i> species. The Tuscan Archipelago landraces showed a high level of internal variability and were distinct from each other and from the analyzed similar cultivars, as shown by the&#xa0;Analysis of Molecular Variance&#xa0;(AMOVA). Their distinctness was further highlighted by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram obtained from the genetic distance matrix and confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). This study confirms the peculiarity of the Elban landraces and that their biodiversity is a heritage to be safeguarded&#xa0;and which can also be used in future breeding programs. These ancient Elban landraces were distributed to local farmers (most of them young) to protect them from extinction and to promote their sustainable cultivation over the commercial hybrids widely used in the area. In fact, local farms can play a strategic role in conserving agricultural biodiversity. The high demand for ancient Elban landraces has led to the development of a new local economy that balances agricultural tradition and innovation.</p>

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Tuscan Archipelago National Park: preservation and valorization of local landraces of Brassica and Phaseolus species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Lorella Andreani,
  • Andrea Venturini,
  • Giulia Spada,
  • Giovanna Amorosi,
  • Giuliana Gillone,
  • Carolina Maria Miarelli,
  • Fabiano Camangi,
  • Agostino Stefani,
  • Chiara Delogu

摘要

The maintenance of traditional agricultural practices in protected small islands is closely linked to the preservation of the land, the protection of natural resources, and the conservation of local traditions. For this purpose, the Tuscan Archipelago National Park promoted the census of ancient horticultural cultivars preserved by some farmers on the island of Elba. The survey revealed a deep-rooted historical, cultural, social, and economic link between this germplasm and the island’s territory. The landrace was studied under different aspects: ethnobotanical, morphological, and genetic. One landrace and one naturalized landrace of the Brassica oleracea and three of the Phaseolus vulgaris were identified and analysed. Morpho-phenological data were collected from the Elban landraces in field trials. Official cultivar descriptions were compiled following UPOV and/or CPVO protocols. To ensure that the Elban landraces were unique and distinct, a comparison was made using molecular markers with other landraces and cultivars identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics or territorial proximity. In total, the cabbage landraces were compared with three cabbage landraces and cultivars and the common bean landraces with nine landraces and cultivars. Ten different simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were considered for the Phaseolus species and nine for the Brassica species. The Tuscan Archipelago landraces showed a high level of internal variability and were distinct from each other and from the analyzed similar cultivars, as shown by the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). Their distinctness was further highlighted by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram obtained from the genetic distance matrix and confirmed by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). This study confirms the peculiarity of the Elban landraces and that their biodiversity is a heritage to be safeguarded and which can also be used in future breeding programs. These ancient Elban landraces were distributed to local farmers (most of them young) to protect them from extinction and to promote their sustainable cultivation over the commercial hybrids widely used in the area. In fact, local farms can play a strategic role in conserving agricultural biodiversity. The high demand for ancient Elban landraces has led to the development of a new local economy that balances agricultural tradition and innovation.