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<p>The genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships among 22 <i>Piper</i> genotypes, including 20 wild species and two <i>P. nigrum</i> landraces, were investigated utilizing 47 novel gene-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR&#xa0;markers had medium polymorphism information content (0.10 to 0.38; average: 0.23) and gene diversity (0.10 to 0.5; average: 0.27). However, these markers had high cross-species transferability of 87.03% across all <i>Piper</i> species, which ranged from 56.10% in <i>P. magnificum</i> to 97.56% in <i>P. argyrophyllum</i>. A total of 295 alleles were found, including 115 unique alleles, for an average of 7.2 alleles per amplified marker locus. The number of alleles varied significantly amongst species, ranging from 27 in <i>P. colubrinum</i> to 51 in <i>P. hymenophyllum</i>. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA)-based clustering separated the genotypes into discrete groups, with patterns that corresponded to expected associations based on geographical origin, growth habit and spike orientation. The three South American <i>Piper</i> species, <i>P. colubrinum</i>, <i>P. arboreum</i>, and <i>P. magnificum</i>, which share a common morphological trait of erect, bushy growth habits with erect spikes, were grouped together, indicating shared genomic regions and evolutionary relationships. Mantel test revealed significant, albeit moderate, correlation (r = 0.2664, p &lt; 0.002) between geographic distance and genetic distance among <i>Piper</i> species. Pairwise comparison of relationships between species revealed closest genetic relationship between <i>P. longum</i> and <i>P. hapnium</i>, <i>P. colubrinum</i> and <i>P. magnificum</i> and <i>P. attenuatum</i> and <i>P. argyrophyllum</i>. The study emphasizes the importance of wild <i>Piper</i> species as potential donors of valuable alleles/genes for cultivated black pepper improvement. The novel gene-based, cross-transferable markers reported in the study could lead to enhanced germplasm utilization in the genus <i>Piper</i>.</p>

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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Piper species using gene-based cross-transferable simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • T. P. Muhammed Azharudheen,
  • A. M. Fayad,
  • T. E. Sheeja

摘要

The genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships among 22 Piper genotypes, including 20 wild species and two P. nigrum landraces, were investigated utilizing 47 novel gene-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The SSR markers had medium polymorphism information content (0.10 to 0.38; average: 0.23) and gene diversity (0.10 to 0.5; average: 0.27). However, these markers had high cross-species transferability of 87.03% across all Piper species, which ranged from 56.10% in P. magnificum to 97.56% in P. argyrophyllum. A total of 295 alleles were found, including 115 unique alleles, for an average of 7.2 alleles per amplified marker locus. The number of alleles varied significantly amongst species, ranging from 27 in P. colubrinum to 51 in P. hymenophyllum. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA)-based clustering separated the genotypes into discrete groups, with patterns that corresponded to expected associations based on geographical origin, growth habit and spike orientation. The three South American Piper species, P. colubrinum, P. arboreum, and P. magnificum, which share a common morphological trait of erect, bushy growth habits with erect spikes, were grouped together, indicating shared genomic regions and evolutionary relationships. Mantel test revealed significant, albeit moderate, correlation (r = 0.2664, p < 0.002) between geographic distance and genetic distance among Piper species. Pairwise comparison of relationships between species revealed closest genetic relationship between P. longum and P. hapnium, P. colubrinum and P. magnificum and P. attenuatum and P. argyrophyllum. The study emphasizes the importance of wild Piper species as potential donors of valuable alleles/genes for cultivated black pepper improvement. The novel gene-based, cross-transferable markers reported in the study could lead to enhanced germplasm utilization in the genus Piper.