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<p>As global demand for rice, a primary food grain continues to grow, optimizing its yield becomes increasingly important. The <i>Oryza</i> genus includes numerous wild species and untapped traditional cultivars that vary by region. However, the genetic diversity in these indigenous traditional cultivars has not been adequately explored at the chromosomal level. Over the years, we have initiated a program to conserve a chromosomal diversity database for both wild and traditional Indian rice cultivars. To highlight the karyotype diversity among 20 valuable rice cultivars-comprising both non-aromatic and aromatic types, we utilised the enzymatic maceration and air drying method, followed by Giemsa and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Our findings indicate cultivar-specific variations in karyomorphological features, with chromosome numbers consistently observed as 2n = 24, ranging from small to very small in size. A key observation was the identification of unique diversity in the number of chromosome pairs featuring secondary constrictions. Specifically, diversity was noted in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th chromosome pairs. This identification was validated through Giemsa- and DAPI-staining on the same metaphase plates. Unearthing these new landmark chromosomal features in Indian rice cultivars is highly significant and affirms ongoing intra- and inter-specific chromosomal rearrangements. The highlighted findings are anticipated to enhance the gene pool of cultivated rice and provide valuable information for rice breeders worldwide. The chromosome analysis techniques employed are highly repeatable, which could assist global researchers in broadening the chromosomal gene pool and expanding the associated database.</p>

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Unlocking karyotype diversity in some valuable non-aromatic and aromatic indian rice cultivars through EMA-based Giemsa and DAPI staining

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月12日

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  • Timir Baran Jha,
  • Mihir Halder

摘要

As global demand for rice, a primary food grain continues to grow, optimizing its yield becomes increasingly important. The Oryza genus includes numerous wild species and untapped traditional cultivars that vary by region. However, the genetic diversity in these indigenous traditional cultivars has not been adequately explored at the chromosomal level. Over the years, we have initiated a program to conserve a chromosomal diversity database for both wild and traditional Indian rice cultivars. To highlight the karyotype diversity among 20 valuable rice cultivars-comprising both non-aromatic and aromatic types, we utilised the enzymatic maceration and air drying method, followed by Giemsa and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Our findings indicate cultivar-specific variations in karyomorphological features, with chromosome numbers consistently observed as 2n = 24, ranging from small to very small in size. A key observation was the identification of unique diversity in the number of chromosome pairs featuring secondary constrictions. Specifically, diversity was noted in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th chromosome pairs. This identification was validated through Giemsa- and DAPI-staining on the same metaphase plates. Unearthing these new landmark chromosomal features in Indian rice cultivars is highly significant and affirms ongoing intra- and inter-specific chromosomal rearrangements. The highlighted findings are anticipated to enhance the gene pool of cultivated rice and provide valuable information for rice breeders worldwide. The chromosome analysis techniques employed are highly repeatable, which could assist global researchers in broadening the chromosomal gene pool and expanding the associated database.