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<p>Rice typically has poor germination under submerged conditions, but some landraces can germinate underwater, which provides valuable resources for investigating the genetic and physiological mechanisms behind these characteristics. This study evaluated 500 rice genotypes, including tolerant and susceptible genotypes for anaerobic germination tolerance. Only 100 genotypes germinated under anaerobic conditions, showing significant variation in germination percentage (30–85%) and vigor index (325.25–3624.0). Moderately tolerant genotypes like FR13A, IRGC631, IRGC968, and IRGC1088 had the highest vigor index which was also observed to have higher shoot lengths under hypoxic conditions. Traits such as hundred seed weight, germination percentage, dry weight, root length, grain length, fresh weight, number of leaves, vigor index and shoot length exhibited high to moderate heritability, coupled with a high genetic advance as a percentage of mean, suggesting that these traits are predominantly governed by additive genes. Among 102 rice landraces, 15 rice landraces exhibited 71%-89% anaerobic germination percentage. Anaerobic germination percentage had a significant positive correlation with shoot length, root length, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and vigor index. Root length, shoot length, dry weight, and vigor index were key contributors in principal components with eigenvalues above 1. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into three clusters, with cluster II being the largest. Four markers viz<i>.,</i> RM478, RM481, RM24161 and TTP_G4 linked to anaerobic germination tolerance revealed 14 alleles, averaging 3.5 per locus, with PIC values ranging from 0.38 to 0.77 (average 0.65). Molecular clustering grouped 102 genotypes into four clusters, with moderately tolerant genotypes in cluster III. Marker trait association revealed that only one marker, RM481 was significantly associated with the hundred seed weight and vigor index. Genotypes IRGC631, IRGC968 and IRGC1088 hold the potential for resilience breeding to enhance anaerobic germination tolerance in rice.</p>

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Utilization of genetic diversity and marker trait association to improve anaerobic germination tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)‏

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月3日

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  • S. Manju Devi,
  • A. John Joel,
  • M. Raveendran,
  • R. Pushpam,
  • S. Muthuramu,
  • R. Pushpa,
  • N. Sritharan,
  • R. Suresh

摘要

Rice typically has poor germination under submerged conditions, but some landraces can germinate underwater, which provides valuable resources for investigating the genetic and physiological mechanisms behind these characteristics. This study evaluated 500 rice genotypes, including tolerant and susceptible genotypes for anaerobic germination tolerance. Only 100 genotypes germinated under anaerobic conditions, showing significant variation in germination percentage (30–85%) and vigor index (325.25–3624.0). Moderately tolerant genotypes like FR13A, IRGC631, IRGC968, and IRGC1088 had the highest vigor index which was also observed to have higher shoot lengths under hypoxic conditions. Traits such as hundred seed weight, germination percentage, dry weight, root length, grain length, fresh weight, number of leaves, vigor index and shoot length exhibited high to moderate heritability, coupled with a high genetic advance as a percentage of mean, suggesting that these traits are predominantly governed by additive genes. Among 102 rice landraces, 15 rice landraces exhibited 71%-89% anaerobic germination percentage. Anaerobic germination percentage had a significant positive correlation with shoot length, root length, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and vigor index. Root length, shoot length, dry weight, and vigor index were key contributors in principal components with eigenvalues above 1. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes into three clusters, with cluster II being the largest. Four markers viz., RM478, RM481, RM24161 and TTP_G4 linked to anaerobic germination tolerance revealed 14 alleles, averaging 3.5 per locus, with PIC values ranging from 0.38 to 0.77 (average 0.65). Molecular clustering grouped 102 genotypes into four clusters, with moderately tolerant genotypes in cluster III. Marker trait association revealed that only one marker, RM481 was significantly associated with the hundred seed weight and vigor index. Genotypes IRGC631, IRGC968 and IRGC1088 hold the potential for resilience breeding to enhance anaerobic germination tolerance in rice.