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<p>This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of walnut populations in the Joveyn region of Northeastern Iran. Phenological and pomological characteristics of 135 out of 500 genotypes were evaluated over two consecutive years (2021–2022) based on the&#xa0;International Plant Genetic Resources Institute's descriptors. The results showed that nut and kernel weight and kernel percentage ranged between 6.81–17.29&#xa0;g, 3.06–8.24&#xa0;g, and 38–59%, respectively. The genotype with the highest nut weight was 21KH-JC14, averaging 16.88&#xa0;g, while the lowest was 21KH-A88, with an average of 6.99&#xa0;g, over the two&#xa0;years. The highest kernel weight was recorded for genotype 21KH-JC16, averaging 8.78&#xa0;g, whereas the lowest kernel weight, averaging 2.3&#xa0;g, belonged to genotype 21KH-A88. The budbreak dates for the earliest and latest genotypes occured 1 and 17&#xa0;days after the reference standard, respectively. The harvest date for the earliest and latest genotypes were 2 and 15&#xa0;days after the reference standard, respectively. Based on the two&#xa0;years of phenotypic evaluation by examining the leafing date, yield, lateral bearing, nut weight, and kernel quality, five genotypes were identified as the superior genotypes. The selected superior genotypes (21KH-JC1, 21KH-JC9, 21KH-A94, 21KH-BK66, and 21KH-J131)&#xa0;had nut weights, kernel weights, and kernel percentages ranging from 14.87–16.45&#xa0;g, 7.43–8.4&#xa0;g, to 47–51.09%, respectively. These genotypes exhibited desirable shell thickness (0.9–1.11&#xa0;mm) with large nut size and light kernel color, which was easily removed from the shell. Overall, these selected superior genotypes are strong candidates for inclusion in the upcoming walnut breeding program, either for new cultivar release or as parent in&#xa0;a hybridization programs.</p>

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Unlocking the walnut genetic resources in Northeastern Iran for late-leafing and nut quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月11日

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  • Maryam Hamidirad,
  • Saadat Sarikhani,
  • Amirhossein Nikpendar,
  • Abdollatif Sheikhi,
  • Mahmoud Reza Roozban,
  • Sara Ghahramanzadeh,
  • Kourosh Vahdati

摘要

This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of walnut populations in the Joveyn region of Northeastern Iran. Phenological and pomological characteristics of 135 out of 500 genotypes were evaluated over two consecutive years (2021–2022) based on the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute's descriptors. The results showed that nut and kernel weight and kernel percentage ranged between 6.81–17.29 g, 3.06–8.24 g, and 38–59%, respectively. The genotype with the highest nut weight was 21KH-JC14, averaging 16.88 g, while the lowest was 21KH-A88, with an average of 6.99 g, over the two years. The highest kernel weight was recorded for genotype 21KH-JC16, averaging 8.78 g, whereas the lowest kernel weight, averaging 2.3 g, belonged to genotype 21KH-A88. The budbreak dates for the earliest and latest genotypes occured 1 and 17 days after the reference standard, respectively. The harvest date for the earliest and latest genotypes were 2 and 15 days after the reference standard, respectively. Based on the two years of phenotypic evaluation by examining the leafing date, yield, lateral bearing, nut weight, and kernel quality, five genotypes were identified as the superior genotypes. The selected superior genotypes (21KH-JC1, 21KH-JC9, 21KH-A94, 21KH-BK66, and 21KH-J131) had nut weights, kernel weights, and kernel percentages ranging from 14.87–16.45 g, 7.43–8.4 g, to 47–51.09%, respectively. These genotypes exhibited desirable shell thickness (0.9–1.11 mm) with large nut size and light kernel color, which was easily removed from the shell. Overall, these selected superior genotypes are strong candidates for inclusion in the upcoming walnut breeding program, either for new cultivar release or as parent in a hybridization programs.