Trans situ conservation of Piper nigrum L. in India—a review

Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae), commonly known as black pepper, is a globally cherished spice and a key player in the spice trade. This review article discusses the significance of black pepper, its diverse applications, and the need for its genetic resource conservation. Importantly, it provides the ‘trans situ’ approach being followed in India for safe conservation of P. nigrum germplasm. This encompasses various methods of ex situ conservation, including field genebanks, seed genebanks, in vitro genebanks, and cryo genebanks. In situ conservation efforts involving on-farm practices by ‘custodian farmers’ are also provided. The review showcases the extensive efforts in India to conserve black pepper genetic resources through collaborative initiatives among research institutions, universities, and farming communities. Research gaps in terms of in vitro cryopreservation have been identified. Overall, this article underscores the critical importance of preserving black pepper genetic diversity to safeguard its future and support ongoing agricultural, research, and breeding endeavors.