Genetic diversity and gene flow in Syagrus coronata populations from Northern Minas Gerais

Syagrus coronata, commonly known as licuri, stands as one of the primary palm species within the Brazilian semiarid region, holding a status as an endemic species of significant ecological and socioeconomic importance. Notably, S. coronata fruits boast substantial quantities of edible oil, particularly within the kernel. This study delved into the molecular diversity of 67 S. coronata accessions sourced from four sites in the northern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, employing 15 microsatellite markers. Polymerase chain reaction products were visualized on a 6% acrylamide gel. Statistical analyses unveiled a total of 124 alleles across 13 polymorphic loci, averaging 5 alleles per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity stood at 0.35 and 0.62, respectively. Within populations, the estimated fixation index for all loci was 0.30, while the fixation index between populations and the total fixation index were 0.02 and 0.31, respectively. The high gene flow found (Nm = 12.25) suggests a continuous migration of individuals among metapopulations. Analysis of population structure indicated the absence of subgroups based on accession origin. Notably, greater genetic variability was observed within populations compared to between populations, likely influenced by dynamics of pollen and seed dispersal. Such insights hold relevance for conservation and breeding initiatives aimed at safeguarding this species.