Morphometric analysis of wild potato leaves

To catalog and promote the conservation and use of crop wild relatives, comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic information must be available. Plant genotyping has the power to resolve the phylogenetic relationships between crop wild relatives, quantify genetic diversity, and identify marker-trait associations for expedited molecular breeding. However, access to cost-effective genotyping strategies is often limited in underutilized crops and crop wild relatives. Potato landraces and wild species, distributed throughout Central and South America, exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity and are an invaluable source of resistance to pests and pathogens. Unfortunately, very limited information is available for these germplasm resources, particularly regarding phenotypic diversity and potential use as trait donors. In this work, more than 150 accessions corresponding to 12 species of wild and cultivated potatoes, collected from different sites across the American continent, were analyzed using computer vision and morphometric methods to evaluate leaf size and shape. In total, more than 1100 leaves and leaflets were processed and analyzed for nine traits related to size, shape, and color. The results produced in this study provided a visual depiction of the extensive variability among potato wild species and enabled a precise quantification of leaf phenotypic differences, including shape, color, area, perimeter, length, width, aspect ratio, convexity, and circularity. We also discussed the application and utility of inexpensive but comprehensive morphometric approaches to catalog and study the diversity of crop wild relatives. Finally, this study provided insights for further experimental research looking into the potential role of leaf size and shape variation in plant–insect interactions, agronomic productivity, and adaptation.