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<p>In this paper, we investigate the effects of Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics with curvature coupling on the geometry and thermodynamics of electrically charged BTZ black holes (BHs) in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((2+1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-dimensional AdS spacetime. Starting from the second-order expansion of the higher-derivative field equations, we obtain perturbative corrections to the electric field and metric components and analyze their influence on curvature invariants. The modified energy-momentum tensor generates nontrivial geometric deformations that remain finite at the origin and preserve the asymptotic AdS structure. We show that the Bopp-Podolsky parameter introduces qualitative changes to the near-horizon behavior, leading to first- and second-order corrections to the horizon radius and, consequently, to the Hawking temperature. Our results demonstrate that higher-derivative electrodynamics coupled to curvature provides a consistent framework for regularizing electromagnetic fields in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((2+1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-dimensional gravity while producing measurable thermodynamic modifications to BTZ BHs.</p>

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Curvature-dependent electrodynamics in \(AdS_3\): modified BTZ black holes and thermal properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Allan R. P. Moreira,
  • Abdelmalek Bouzenada,
  • Guo-Hua Sun,
  • Shi-Hai Dong

摘要

In this paper, we investigate the effects of Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics with curvature coupling on the geometry and thermodynamics of electrically charged BTZ black holes (BHs) in \((2+1)\) ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional AdS spacetime. Starting from the second-order expansion of the higher-derivative field equations, we obtain perturbative corrections to the electric field and metric components and analyze their influence on curvature invariants. The modified energy-momentum tensor generates nontrivial geometric deformations that remain finite at the origin and preserve the asymptotic AdS structure. We show that the Bopp-Podolsky parameter introduces qualitative changes to the near-horizon behavior, leading to first- and second-order corrections to the horizon radius and, consequently, to the Hawking temperature. Our results demonstrate that higher-derivative electrodynamics coupled to curvature provides a consistent framework for regularizing electromagnetic fields in \((2+1)\) ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional gravity while producing measurable thermodynamic modifications to BTZ BHs.