<p>We develop extended black-hole thermodynamics on a Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (DGP) brane by promoting the brane tension <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to a thermodynamic variable within the extended Iyer–Wald framework. The brane tension acts as a localized vacuum energy with pressure <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P_\sigma \equiv -\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> <mo>≡</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>σ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, yielding a new work term <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_\sigma \,\textrm{d}P_\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>d</mtext> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the first law and the corresponding Smarr relation. For static, spherically symmetric black holes we show that the conjugate volume equals the geometric volume <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_\sigma =\tfrac{4\pi }{3}r_h^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; for stationary, axisymmetric solutions it admits a covariant, slice-independent definition and evaluates to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_\sigma =\tfrac{4\pi }{3}\!\left( r_+^3+a^2 r_+\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> <mspace width="-0.166667em" /> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msub> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Working on the ghost-free normal branch, the brane is asymptotically flat with a single horizon, so the construction avoids de Sitter obstructions. Along a flat-brane path, asymptotic flatness is preserved by co-varying the bulk cosmological constant, and induced-gravity effects are suppressed by <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_h/r_c\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>h</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. These results establish a consistent flat-braneworld realization of black-hole chemistry in which brane tension provides the physically motivated pressure variable.</p>

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Extended black hole thermodynamics in a DGP braneworld

  • Naman Kumar

摘要

We develop extended black-hole thermodynamics on a Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati (DGP) brane by promoting the brane tension \(\sigma \) σ to a thermodynamic variable within the extended Iyer–Wald framework. The brane tension acts as a localized vacuum energy with pressure \(P_\sigma \equiv -\sigma \) P σ - σ , yielding a new work term \(V_\sigma \,\textrm{d}P_\sigma \) V σ d P σ in the first law and the corresponding Smarr relation. For static, spherically symmetric black holes we show that the conjugate volume equals the geometric volume \(V_\sigma =\tfrac{4\pi }{3}r_h^3\) V σ = 4 π 3 r h 3 ; for stationary, axisymmetric solutions it admits a covariant, slice-independent definition and evaluates to \(V_\sigma =\tfrac{4\pi }{3}\!\left( r_+^3+a^2 r_+\right) \) V σ = 4 π 3 r + 3 + a 2 r + . Working on the ghost-free normal branch, the brane is asymptotically flat with a single horizon, so the construction avoids de Sitter obstructions. Along a flat-brane path, asymptotic flatness is preserved by co-varying the bulk cosmological constant, and induced-gravity effects are suppressed by \(r_h/r_c\) r h / r c . These results establish a consistent flat-braneworld realization of black-hole chemistry in which brane tension provides the physically motivated pressure variable.