<p>Let <i>X</i> be an orientable hyperbolic surface of genus <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with a marked point <i>o</i>, and let <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be an orientable hyperbolic surface group isomorphic to <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi _{1}(X,o)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>o</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Consider the space <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Hom</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> which corresponds to <i>n</i>-sheeted covers of <i>X</i> with labeled fiber. Given <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \in \Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a uniformly random <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in \text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mtext>Hom</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, what is the expected number of fixed points of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi (\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>? Formally, let <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{n}(\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denote the number of fixed points of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi (\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for a uniformly random <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in \text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mtext>Hom</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We think of <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{n}(\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as a random variable on the space <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Hom</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show that an arbitrary fixed number of products of the variables <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F_{n}(\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are asymptotically independent as <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when there are no obvious obstructions. We also determine the limiting distribution of such products. Additionally, we examine short cycle statistics in random permutations of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi (\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for a uniformly random <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10711_2025_1003_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in \text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mtext>Hom</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show a similar asymptotic independence result and determine the limiting distribution. </p>

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Asymptotic independence for random permutations from surface groups

  • Yotam Maoz

摘要

Let X be an orientable hyperbolic surface of genus \(g\ge 2\) g 2 with a marked point o, and let \(\Gamma \) Γ be an orientable hyperbolic surface group isomorphic to \(\pi _{1}(X,o)\) π 1 ( X , o ) . Consider the space \(\text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\) Hom ( Γ , S n ) which corresponds to n-sheeted covers of X with labeled fiber. Given \(\gamma \in \Gamma \) γ Γ and a uniformly random \(\phi \in \text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\) ϕ Hom ( Γ , S n ) , what is the expected number of fixed points of \(\phi (\gamma )\) ϕ ( γ ) ? Formally, let \(F_{n}(\gamma )\) F n ( γ ) denote the number of fixed points of \(\phi (\gamma )\) ϕ ( γ ) for a uniformly random \(\phi \in \text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\) ϕ Hom ( Γ , S n ) . We think of \(F_{n}(\gamma )\) F n ( γ ) as a random variable on the space \(\text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\) Hom ( Γ , S n ) . We show that an arbitrary fixed number of products of the variables \(F_{n}(\gamma )\) F n ( γ ) are asymptotically independent as \(n\rightarrow \infty \) n when there are no obvious obstructions. We also determine the limiting distribution of such products. Additionally, we examine short cycle statistics in random permutations of the form \(\phi (\gamma )\) ϕ ( γ ) for a uniformly random \(\phi \in \text {Hom}(\Gamma ,S_{n})\) ϕ Hom ( Γ , S n ) . We show a similar asymptotic independence result and determine the limiting distribution.