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<p><i>Potentilla</i> sensu lato, a taxonomically complex genus within the Rosaceae, comprises approximately 300 taxa worldwide. Thirteen taxa, each restricted to limited localities, are currently recognized as endemic to the Mongolian flora. Therefore, the conservation of <i>Potentilla</i> faces significant challenges due to habitat loss caused by climate change and overharvesting. In this study, we explore the phylogenetic relationships and local evolutionary patterns of five endemic <i>Potentilla</i> species in Mongolia based on their complete chloroplast genomes. We utilized high-throughput sequencing of complete chloroplast genomes and conducted comparative analyses. The complete chloroplast genomes ranged from 156,273 to 156,395&#xa0;bp long and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure. Genome annotation revealed 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Two intergenic regions (<i>ndh</i>F–<i>rpl</i>32 and <i>rpl</i>32–<i>trn</i>L) in the SSC region showed markedly high diversity among chloroplast genomes. Analysis of selection signatures identified two genes (<i>rpo</i>C1 and <i>ycf</i>1) under positive selection. These genes may play important roles in the adaptation of these species to specific geographical environments. Phylogenetic analysis placed all five newly sequenced species within the Argentea clade, and divergence time estimation indicated that diversification within this clade occurred from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene. This study provides valuable genomic resources for endemic <i>Potentilla</i> species in Mongolia, offers insights into their evolutionary history, and lays a foundation for future phylogenetic research and molecular marker development. Furthermore, this study fills a geographic gap in chloroplast genomes sampling of <i>Potentilla</i> in Central Asia.</p>

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Chloroplast genome comparison, phylogeny, and molecular evolution of five endemic Potentilla (Rosaceae) species in Mongolia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Nudkhuu Nyamgerel,
  • Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh,
  • Alexey A. Kechaykin,
  • Batlai Oyuntsetseg,
  • Hyeok Jae Choi

摘要

Potentilla sensu lato, a taxonomically complex genus within the Rosaceae, comprises approximately 300 taxa worldwide. Thirteen taxa, each restricted to limited localities, are currently recognized as endemic to the Mongolian flora. Therefore, the conservation of Potentilla faces significant challenges due to habitat loss caused by climate change and overharvesting. In this study, we explore the phylogenetic relationships and local evolutionary patterns of five endemic Potentilla species in Mongolia based on their complete chloroplast genomes. We utilized high-throughput sequencing of complete chloroplast genomes and conducted comparative analyses. The complete chloroplast genomes ranged from 156,273 to 156,395 bp long and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure. Genome annotation revealed 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Two intergenic regions (ndhF–rpl32 and rpl32–trnL) in the SSC region showed markedly high diversity among chloroplast genomes. Analysis of selection signatures identified two genes (rpoC1 and ycf1) under positive selection. These genes may play important roles in the adaptation of these species to specific geographical environments. Phylogenetic analysis placed all five newly sequenced species within the Argentea clade, and divergence time estimation indicated that diversification within this clade occurred from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene. This study provides valuable genomic resources for endemic Potentilla species in Mongolia, offers insights into their evolutionary history, and lays a foundation for future phylogenetic research and molecular marker development. Furthermore, this study fills a geographic gap in chloroplast genomes sampling of Potentilla in Central Asia.