Urban friction and the spatial structure of conflict: a multi-scalar analysis of Astana
摘要
This study examines the spatial distribution of everyday urban conflicts in Astana, conceptualizing them as embedded in the organization of urban space rather than isolated events. Using a dataset of 176 cases from 2023–2025, it applies spatial statistical methods, including the Nearest Neighbor Index, Ripley’s K-function, Getis–Ord Gi*, and DBSCAN clustering. The results reveal significant clustering across multiple scales, indicating a highly structured, non-random pattern. Conflicts form a multi-nodal structure, concentrating in areas of high functional and social density. While the left and right banks display similar clustering intensity, their conflict types differ, suggesting a decoupling of spatial form and content. The study interprets clusters as zones of intensified urban friction and highlights the role of urban morphology in shaping conflict potential.