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<p>This study examines the spatial distribution and driving factors of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in China from 2013 to 2023 using provincial-level panel data. Spatial autocorrelation analysis via Moran’s I reveals China is not moving toward spatial equalization of FIEs, but toward a more fragmented and node-based investment geography. The Geodetector analysis identifies road density and population size as the most consistent and statistically significant determinants of FIE location patterns. In contrast, human capital and regional GDP demonstrate limited explanatory power individually, but gain substantial influence through synergistic interactions with other factors, particularly with population size and commercial land prices. These findings underscore the importance of integrating infrastructure, market potential, and human capital in regional development strategies to foster more balanced and spatially sustainable FIE distributions. Methodologically, combining spatial econometrics and the Geodetector framework provides a robust approach for analyzing complex spatial-economic phenomena.</p>

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Spatial distribution and driving mechanisms of foreign-invested enterprises in China (2013–2023): evidence from Moran’s I and the geodetector approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月11日

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  • Wenyue Sang

摘要

This study examines the spatial distribution and driving factors of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in China from 2013 to 2023 using provincial-level panel data. Spatial autocorrelation analysis via Moran’s I reveals China is not moving toward spatial equalization of FIEs, but toward a more fragmented and node-based investment geography. The Geodetector analysis identifies road density and population size as the most consistent and statistically significant determinants of FIE location patterns. In contrast, human capital and regional GDP demonstrate limited explanatory power individually, but gain substantial influence through synergistic interactions with other factors, particularly with population size and commercial land prices. These findings underscore the importance of integrating infrastructure, market potential, and human capital in regional development strategies to foster more balanced and spatially sustainable FIE distributions. Methodologically, combining spatial econometrics and the Geodetector framework provides a robust approach for analyzing complex spatial-economic phenomena.