Scholarlink

<p>This study examines the socioeconomic conditions of the enclave dwellers in Bangladesh following the citizenship gain of the 2015 Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between Bangladesh and India. The exchange of enclaves resolved long-standing issues of statelessness, granting citizenship and legal rights to the affected populations. However, despite improvements in infrastructure, education, and transportation, significant challenges persist in healthcare access, employment opportunities, and economic stability. Using a mixed-methods research approach, data were collected from enclave residents across three districts, revealing that while citizenship acquisition has enhanced social inclusion and access to government services, employment opportunities remain limited due to the lack of industries, skill development programs, and financial support. Education facilities have improved, yet higher education access and teacher shortages hinder long-term human capital formation. A critical concern is the absence of adequate healthcare facilities, leaving residents vulnerable to medical emergencies. Additionally, women in these enclaves face heightened marginalization, with restricted access to education, employment, and healthcare. Despite NGO interventions, sustainable socioeconomic integration remains a challenge. The study recommends policy interventions, including the establishment of healthcare facilities, vocational training programs, financial support for entrepreneurship, and gender-focused development initiatives. Strengthening disaster resilience is also essential, given the environmental vulnerabilities of these enclaves. A coordinated approach between government agencies, NGOs, and development partners is necessary to ensure long-term socioeconomic progress for the enclave dwellers.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Stateless within the state: citizenship gain and livelihood scenario of the enclave dwellers in Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

查看全文
  • Fahim Shahriar,
  • Md. Shahriar Bulbul Tonmoy,
  • Farhana Yeasmin

摘要

This study examines the socioeconomic conditions of the enclave dwellers in Bangladesh following the citizenship gain of the 2015 Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) between Bangladesh and India. The exchange of enclaves resolved long-standing issues of statelessness, granting citizenship and legal rights to the affected populations. However, despite improvements in infrastructure, education, and transportation, significant challenges persist in healthcare access, employment opportunities, and economic stability. Using a mixed-methods research approach, data were collected from enclave residents across three districts, revealing that while citizenship acquisition has enhanced social inclusion and access to government services, employment opportunities remain limited due to the lack of industries, skill development programs, and financial support. Education facilities have improved, yet higher education access and teacher shortages hinder long-term human capital formation. A critical concern is the absence of adequate healthcare facilities, leaving residents vulnerable to medical emergencies. Additionally, women in these enclaves face heightened marginalization, with restricted access to education, employment, and healthcare. Despite NGO interventions, sustainable socioeconomic integration remains a challenge. The study recommends policy interventions, including the establishment of healthcare facilities, vocational training programs, financial support for entrepreneurship, and gender-focused development initiatives. Strengthening disaster resilience is also essential, given the environmental vulnerabilities of these enclaves. A coordinated approach between government agencies, NGOs, and development partners is necessary to ensure long-term socioeconomic progress for the enclave dwellers.