<p>This study looked into how wastewater infrastructure development relates to health gaps in poorer urban areas across China between 2018 and 2023. By using GIS and number-based analysis, we tried to see how fairly the infrastructure was spread out and how that connects with health outcomes. What we found showed a clear negative link between how much wastewater infrastructure grew and the level of health disparities basically, places that got better sewage systems also saw better health stats. But, the upgrades weren’t really equal everywhere. Most of the improvements focused on sewage networks, which made up about 40% of the total upgrades. When it comes to money, local governments put in the most (around 45%), while national-level funding came next at 30%. Our spatial equity analysis showed big differences between neighborhoods, meaning some areas are still being left behind. So, based on these results, there’s a strong case for more focused and fair policy measures. This kind of research gives urban planners and decision-makers something concrete to go on when thinking about how to fix infrastructure gaps and cut down on health inequality in fast-growing Chinese cities.</p>