How does climate change impact remote mountain communities? An empirical investigation in Gilgit-Baltistan

Understanding of climate change's effects on high-altitude regions is crucial for devising effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Through a mixed research approach, we investigated the impact of climate change on remote mountain communities in Pakistan, focusing on nine villages in Gilgit-Baltistan. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of these communities to severe climate events such as landslides, flash floods, and glacial lake outburst floods, which have significantly disrupted agricultural activities and other livelihood options, leading to a decline in household food security. The study revealed that livestock rearing and traditional agricultural practices constitute the primary sources of income for these households. However, these practices have been experiencing declining productivity, necessitating the increasing reliance on external markets to meet food demands. In response to these pressing issues, our research strongly advocates for the revival of traditional irrigation systems within these villages. Reviving these systems holds the potential to rejuvenate local food production and reduce reliance on external markets. To achieve this vision, a collaborative effort involving both private enterprises and government bodies is essential, incorporating innovative and climate-resilient irrigation techniques. Additionally, our research emphasizes the promising opportunities presented by Yak husbandry and Sea buckthorn cultivation. These alternative income sources could provide sustainable livelihoods for households in these regions, diversifying their economic base and reducing their dependence on traditional agricultural practices.