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<p>This study combines field monitoring with 3D finite element simulations to investigate earth pressure and frictional resistance during the sinking of caissons in soft soil strata. The results reveal a two-stage linear distribution of side-wall earth pressure. The pressure increases linearly, closely matching at-rest conditions, until it reaches a peak at 0.7 times the sinking depth, where stress release and unloading effects induced by the bottom excavation begin to dominate over the vertical overburden pressure. Below this depth, bottom excavation induces stress relaxation, causing the pressure to decay linearly to approximately 60% of the peak at the caisson base. By introducing a depth coefficient and a relaxation attenuation coefficient, a novel piecewise theoretical model for side frictional resistance is derived. Field validation confirms the model’s accuracy with an average error of 5.49%. This proposed model effectively corrects the systematic overestimation inherent in traditional design codes that overlook deep stress relaxation, thereby providing a precise theoretical basis for caisson design and construction control.</p>

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Evolution of Lateral Earth Pressure and Side Friction Resistance During Caisson Sinking in Soft Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Tao Deng,
  • Shangchun Liu,
  • Ailin Huang,
  • Xinhua Jiang,
  • Zhihu Xiang,
  • Kan Huang

摘要

This study combines field monitoring with 3D finite element simulations to investigate earth pressure and frictional resistance during the sinking of caissons in soft soil strata. The results reveal a two-stage linear distribution of side-wall earth pressure. The pressure increases linearly, closely matching at-rest conditions, until it reaches a peak at 0.7 times the sinking depth, where stress release and unloading effects induced by the bottom excavation begin to dominate over the vertical overburden pressure. Below this depth, bottom excavation induces stress relaxation, causing the pressure to decay linearly to approximately 60% of the peak at the caisson base. By introducing a depth coefficient and a relaxation attenuation coefficient, a novel piecewise theoretical model for side frictional resistance is derived. Field validation confirms the model’s accuracy with an average error of 5.49%. This proposed model effectively corrects the systematic overestimation inherent in traditional design codes that overlook deep stress relaxation, thereby providing a precise theoretical basis for caisson design and construction control.