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<p>This study investigates the time-dependent seepage–deformation response and interfacial failure mechanisms of a pipeline-embedded earth dam under cyclic impoundment-infiltration loading. A full-scale in-situ test with controlled water-level variations recorded the spatiotemporal evolution of pore-water pressure, earth pressure, and displacement. Results revealed cumulative pore-pressure buildup near the pipe, progressive effective stress reduction, and irreversible moisture infiltration leading to nonlinear "heave–settlement" displacement cycles. Non-destructive testing identified a four-stage interfacial failure process: cavity initiation, localized seepage, erosive zone expansion, and preferential flow channel connection. Based on these findings, a transient seepage–stress coupling model was developed and validated using the experimental data. Parametric studies showed that higher impoundment levels accelerate pore-pressure rise and stress degradation, while improved backfill compaction significantly reduces failure-prone seepage paths. Furthermore, a stepwise impoundment strategy ("raise–stabilize–raise") was effective in attenuating peak pore pressures and delaying hydraulic instability. This research establishes a new framework for understanding interfacial seepage failure in pipeline-embedded embankments and offers guidance for optimizing water-level management and anti-seepage design to improve dam stability under cyclic loading.</p>

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Time-Dependent Seepage–Deformation Coupled Analysis of a Pipeline-Embedded Dam Subject to Cyclic Water-Level Fluctuations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Ao Dong,
  • Jun Liu,
  • Fuming Wang,
  • Yanjie Hao,
  • Chuhao Huang,
  • Wenbin Ye,
  • Chengchao Guo,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Dongkun Liu

摘要

This study investigates the time-dependent seepage–deformation response and interfacial failure mechanisms of a pipeline-embedded earth dam under cyclic impoundment-infiltration loading. A full-scale in-situ test with controlled water-level variations recorded the spatiotemporal evolution of pore-water pressure, earth pressure, and displacement. Results revealed cumulative pore-pressure buildup near the pipe, progressive effective stress reduction, and irreversible moisture infiltration leading to nonlinear "heave–settlement" displacement cycles. Non-destructive testing identified a four-stage interfacial failure process: cavity initiation, localized seepage, erosive zone expansion, and preferential flow channel connection. Based on these findings, a transient seepage–stress coupling model was developed and validated using the experimental data. Parametric studies showed that higher impoundment levels accelerate pore-pressure rise and stress degradation, while improved backfill compaction significantly reduces failure-prone seepage paths. Furthermore, a stepwise impoundment strategy ("raise–stabilize–raise") was effective in attenuating peak pore pressures and delaying hydraulic instability. This research establishes a new framework for understanding interfacial seepage failure in pipeline-embedded embankments and offers guidance for optimizing water-level management and anti-seepage design to improve dam stability under cyclic loading.