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<p>Layered casting is widely used in underground backfilling; however, the interfaces formed between successive pours often act as weak zones that control the stability of cemented tailings backfill (CTB). This study investigates the interface-controlled mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of layered CTB and fiber-reinforced backfill (FRB) with different numbers of layers. Uniaxial compression tests combined with acoustic emission (AE), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and digital image correlation (DIC) were conducted to examine the coupled evolution of strength, pore structure, strain localization, and crack propagation. The results show that increasing the number of layers significantly reduces the strength and stiffness of CTB while intensifying pore coarsening, strain concentration, and brittle tensile failure. As the number of layers increases from one to four, the peak strength and elastic modulus of CTB decrease by 24.4 and 22.6%, respectively, whereas the peak strain increases by 26.0%. Compared with CTB, FRB exhibits higher strength and a more progressive tensile–shear composite failure mode, indicating that fibers improve deformation compatibility and delay crack coalescence. NMR and AE results further confirm that layered interfaces promote macropore development and brittle instability, whereas fibers help suppress pore connectivity and stabilize damage evolution. Overall, interface density governs the stability of multilayer backfill systems, while fiber reinforcement only partially mitigates interface-induced weakening.</p>

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Interface-Controlled Mechanical Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of Layered Cemented Tailings Backfill with Fiber Reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Weishuo Kong,
  • Zhiguo Xia,
  • Xinrong Wang,
  • Yujiang Yang,
  • Zongwang Fan,
  • Jun Hu,
  • Dazhao Song,
  • Hao Guo

摘要

Layered casting is widely used in underground backfilling; however, the interfaces formed between successive pours often act as weak zones that control the stability of cemented tailings backfill (CTB). This study investigates the interface-controlled mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of layered CTB and fiber-reinforced backfill (FRB) with different numbers of layers. Uniaxial compression tests combined with acoustic emission (AE), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and digital image correlation (DIC) were conducted to examine the coupled evolution of strength, pore structure, strain localization, and crack propagation. The results show that increasing the number of layers significantly reduces the strength and stiffness of CTB while intensifying pore coarsening, strain concentration, and brittle tensile failure. As the number of layers increases from one to four, the peak strength and elastic modulus of CTB decrease by 24.4 and 22.6%, respectively, whereas the peak strain increases by 26.0%. Compared with CTB, FRB exhibits higher strength and a more progressive tensile–shear composite failure mode, indicating that fibers improve deformation compatibility and delay crack coalescence. NMR and AE results further confirm that layered interfaces promote macropore development and brittle instability, whereas fibers help suppress pore connectivity and stabilize damage evolution. Overall, interface density governs the stability of multilayer backfill systems, while fiber reinforcement only partially mitigates interface-induced weakening.