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<p>The boundary between the saturated and unsaturated soil occurs at the top of the capillary zone and corresponds to the air-entry value, <i>aev</i>. The capillary zone may be a few centimeters in thickness for sand but may be meters in thickness for clay soil. One of the primary pieces of information of value to a geotechnical engineer is the <i>aev</i> for the uppermost soil strata. It is difficult to agree upon a single-valued <i>aev</i> because of the hysteretic nature between the drying and wetting modes. The unsaturated soil properties have been shown to be most accurately correlated with the degree of saturation of the soil. Generally, gravimetric water content versus suction is measured and then the degree of saturation is calculated through use of the shrinkage curve, SC. This paper highlights the important role of measuring and/or estimating the shrinkage curve for the quantification of unsaturated soil property functions, USPFs.</p>

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Engineering Decisions Associated with Applying Unsaturated Soil Mechanics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Delwyn G. Fredlund

摘要

The boundary between the saturated and unsaturated soil occurs at the top of the capillary zone and corresponds to the air-entry value, aev. The capillary zone may be a few centimeters in thickness for sand but may be meters in thickness for clay soil. One of the primary pieces of information of value to a geotechnical engineer is the aev for the uppermost soil strata. It is difficult to agree upon a single-valued aev because of the hysteretic nature between the drying and wetting modes. The unsaturated soil properties have been shown to be most accurately correlated with the degree of saturation of the soil. Generally, gravimetric water content versus suction is measured and then the degree of saturation is calculated through use of the shrinkage curve, SC. This paper highlights the important role of measuring and/or estimating the shrinkage curve for the quantification of unsaturated soil property functions, USPFs.