Thermal Pile-Based Ground Source Heat Pump System for Residential Space Conditioning in Selected Indian Cities
摘要
This study proposes an integrated and site-specific framework for the structural, geotechnical, and thermal design of thermal pile ground source heat pump (TPGSHP) systems, addressing a key gap in current practice where superstructure loads and soil conditions are seldom integrated into thermal pile design. A five-story reference building was evaluated across ten diverse Indian cities. The foundation requirements were determined using STAAD Pro V8i based on column loads, geotechnical parameters, and Meyerhof’s method, while EnergyPlus 9.6 and EED 4.2 were used to simulate thermal loads, optimize pile depth, determine the number and arrangement of thermal piles, and calculate heat extraction/rejection rates and seasonal performance factors. Statistical analyses, including correlation mapping, quartile binning, and violin plot evaluation, were performed on a master dataset to capture city- and zone-specific variations in system performance, installation cost, and operational efficiency. Results show that TPGSHP systems perform most effectively in hot and composite climates such as Delhi, Prayagraj, Jamnagar, and Jodhpur, achieving heating coefficients of performance between 3.0 and 3.6, while cold and humid zones display distinct load and efficiency profiles. Comparative analysis indicates 85–87% savings in installation costs and 37–43% lower operational costs compared to traditional HVAC systems. Zone-wise insights further reveal that humid climates achieve slightly higher operational savings, whereas composite zones exhibit lower savings, guiding location-specific optimization. Overall, the study unifies structural, geotechnical, and performance-based thermal design, integrates data-driven statistical evaluation, and establishes a scalable, location-specific design catalog for Indian cities.