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<p>This study addresses the use of fly ash (FA) and lime sludge powder (LSP)-based geopolymer binder to improve the strength behaviour of cohesive soil as a substitute for conventional binders. Various mixtures of FA and LSP were replaced in the soil. The samples were activated using heat curing at 40&#xa0;°C, and a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution at the concentrations of 5 and 10 Molar was a liquid alkaline activator. The mechanical characteristics of geopolymer-treated cohesive soil were studied by conducting a modified Proctor test, an unconfined compressive strength test, and a split tensile strength test. A microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was conducted to understand the microstructural changes that accompany the influential factor. The mechanical investigations reveal that the incorporation of FA and LSP increased the maximum dry unit weight, compressive strength, and tensile strength of the cohesive soil. The maximum compressive strength and tensile strength of geopolymer-stabilized soil occur at the optimum precursor combination of 20% FA + 10% LSP at a 10 Molar concentration of sodium hydroxide. A comprehension of the microstructural analysis proved that calcium-containing phases resulting from LSP represented the reactive phases. The study provides an eco-friendly alternative to conventional stabilization by utilizing industrial by-products (fly ash and lime sludge), thereby reducing environmental impact and promoting waste valorization.</p>

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Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Cohesive Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash and Lime Sludge Based Geopolymer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Jitendra Singh Yadav,
  • Poonam Shekhawat,
  • Praveen Kumar

摘要

This study addresses the use of fly ash (FA) and lime sludge powder (LSP)-based geopolymer binder to improve the strength behaviour of cohesive soil as a substitute for conventional binders. Various mixtures of FA and LSP were replaced in the soil. The samples were activated using heat curing at 40 °C, and a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution at the concentrations of 5 and 10 Molar was a liquid alkaline activator. The mechanical characteristics of geopolymer-treated cohesive soil were studied by conducting a modified Proctor test, an unconfined compressive strength test, and a split tensile strength test. A microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was conducted to understand the microstructural changes that accompany the influential factor. The mechanical investigations reveal that the incorporation of FA and LSP increased the maximum dry unit weight, compressive strength, and tensile strength of the cohesive soil. The maximum compressive strength and tensile strength of geopolymer-stabilized soil occur at the optimum precursor combination of 20% FA + 10% LSP at a 10 Molar concentration of sodium hydroxide. A comprehension of the microstructural analysis proved that calcium-containing phases resulting from LSP represented the reactive phases. The study provides an eco-friendly alternative to conventional stabilization by utilizing industrial by-products (fly ash and lime sludge), thereby reducing environmental impact and promoting waste valorization.