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<p>Volcanic residual soils present complex and spatially variable geotechnical behavior due to the heterogeneous structure and mineralogical evolution of their parent lava flows. Despite their broad distribution in tropical regions, the quantitative influence of volcanic facies on soil expansion and strength remains poorly constrained, limiting reliable subgrade design in these terrains. This study investigates the expansive properties and mechanical strength of residual soils from the Paraná–Etendeka Igneous Province, southern Brazil, through an integration of geological, geotechnical, and statistical analyses. A total of 1,927 soil samples from 1,564 boreholes were analyzed based on their particle size distribution, consistency limits, expansion ratio, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The data were classified into lateritic and saprolitic horizons and correlated with different lava flow morphologies. Lateritic soils exhibited higher fines content and plasticity but lower expansion, whereas saprolitic soils, particularly those derived from brecciated or amygdaloidal lava flow tops, presented expansion values exceeding 2%. Linear regression analysis for the Chapecó Formation revealed a strong correlation between CBR and expansion (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.738), confirming that mechanical behavior is strongly dependent on volcanic facies. These findings demonstrate that geological parameters can be used as predictive tools for identifying expansive subgrades, supporting safer and more cost-effective infrastructure design in tropical volcanic terrains.</p>

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Expansive Behavior and Mechanical Strength of Volcanic Residual Soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • João André Martins,
  • Jefferson de Lima Picanço,
  • Isabella Gobbo Rangel Fernandes

摘要

Volcanic residual soils present complex and spatially variable geotechnical behavior due to the heterogeneous structure and mineralogical evolution of their parent lava flows. Despite their broad distribution in tropical regions, the quantitative influence of volcanic facies on soil expansion and strength remains poorly constrained, limiting reliable subgrade design in these terrains. This study investigates the expansive properties and mechanical strength of residual soils from the Paraná–Etendeka Igneous Province, southern Brazil, through an integration of geological, geotechnical, and statistical analyses. A total of 1,927 soil samples from 1,564 boreholes were analyzed based on their particle size distribution, consistency limits, expansion ratio, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The data were classified into lateritic and saprolitic horizons and correlated with different lava flow morphologies. Lateritic soils exhibited higher fines content and plasticity but lower expansion, whereas saprolitic soils, particularly those derived from brecciated or amygdaloidal lava flow tops, presented expansion values exceeding 2%. Linear regression analysis for the Chapecó Formation revealed a strong correlation between CBR and expansion (R2 = 0.738), confirming that mechanical behavior is strongly dependent on volcanic facies. These findings demonstrate that geological parameters can be used as predictive tools for identifying expansive subgrades, supporting safer and more cost-effective infrastructure design in tropical volcanic terrains.