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<p>The deformation at the bottom of tunnels in gently dipping bedded rock masses is pronounced, severely affecting the safety of tunnel construction and operation. The 3DEC BBM, which reflects the micro-fracture characteristics of rock mass, is established based on the Laozhouyan tunnel of the Chongqing-Guizhou High-Speed Railway. The evolution of bottom deformation and cracking in tunnels under the influence of varying rock mass dip angles and lateral pressure coefficients is reproduced. Field monitoring of the surrounding rock-initial support contact pressure and vertical displacement at the bottom of the Laozhouyan tunnel is conducted. The results show that as the dip angle increases from 0 to 30°, the maximum vertical displacement of the surrounding rock increases from 12.4 to 20.5&#xa0;mm. Furthermore, the location of the maximum displacement shifts from the center of the inverted arch toward its right side. The maximum vertical displacement always occurs where the bedding plane is tangent to the tunnel profile. The cracks at the bottom of the tunnel are primarily shear cracks. The lateral pressure coefficient increases the magnitude of deformation at the bottom of the tunnel but does not alter the location where deformation occurs. Field monitoring results of vertical displacement at the bottom of the Laozhouyan tunnel generally aligned with numerical simulation results. The surrounding rock-initial support contact pressure and vertical displacement both increase over time, gradually stabilizing after 10 and 7 d, respectively. This study will contribute to assessing the stability of the bottom of tunnels through gently dipping layered rock.</p>

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Field and Numerical Study of Tunnel Invert Deformation in Gently Dipping Rock Layers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Jing Wang,
  • Huqing Liang,
  • Mengxiong Tang,
  • Jizhe Zhang,
  • Jingyuan He,
  • Hongtong He,
  • Jianbo Wang,
  • Xiaoxuan Tian,
  • Ruizhe Huang

摘要

The deformation at the bottom of tunnels in gently dipping bedded rock masses is pronounced, severely affecting the safety of tunnel construction and operation. The 3DEC BBM, which reflects the micro-fracture characteristics of rock mass, is established based on the Laozhouyan tunnel of the Chongqing-Guizhou High-Speed Railway. The evolution of bottom deformation and cracking in tunnels under the influence of varying rock mass dip angles and lateral pressure coefficients is reproduced. Field monitoring of the surrounding rock-initial support contact pressure and vertical displacement at the bottom of the Laozhouyan tunnel is conducted. The results show that as the dip angle increases from 0 to 30°, the maximum vertical displacement of the surrounding rock increases from 12.4 to 20.5 mm. Furthermore, the location of the maximum displacement shifts from the center of the inverted arch toward its right side. The maximum vertical displacement always occurs where the bedding plane is tangent to the tunnel profile. The cracks at the bottom of the tunnel are primarily shear cracks. The lateral pressure coefficient increases the magnitude of deformation at the bottom of the tunnel but does not alter the location where deformation occurs. Field monitoring results of vertical displacement at the bottom of the Laozhouyan tunnel generally aligned with numerical simulation results. The surrounding rock-initial support contact pressure and vertical displacement both increase over time, gradually stabilizing after 10 and 7 d, respectively. This study will contribute to assessing the stability of the bottom of tunnels through gently dipping layered rock.