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<p>The hydration swelling of mudstone can easily induce engineering disasters, such as tunnel deformation and slope instability. Existing research predominantly focuses on individual factors, making it challenging to accurately depict the synergistic evolution mechanism of "microscopic deterioration—macroscopic damage under load" in hydration swelling under water-rich conditions. To address this issue, this study selected mudstone from the water diversion tunnel section of the Jiaohua Reservoir project in Hunan, prepared reconstituted mudstone samples, and conducted swelling characteristic tests, nuclear magnetic resonance tests, and scanning electron microscopy tests. The physical and mechanical properties of mudstone under water-rich conditions, as well as the macroscopic and microscopic evolution laws of swelling, were analyzed. The swelling and evolution characteristics of mudstone in a water-rich environment were characterized at macro, fine, and micro scales. The experimental results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of mudstone were negatively correlated with water absorption in the water-rich environment. Mudstone has obvious time effect when it encounters water. The swelling rate and swelling stress can be divided into three stages: rapid swelling stage, deceleration swelling stage, and dynamic equilibrium stage. In the process of mudstone hydration swelling in contact with water, porosity and pore edge roughness increase with time, the edges of pores tend to be complicated, and the proportion of large pores decreases. Based on the theory of rock damage mechanics, this study innovatively integrates the mesostructural damage induced by hydration swelling of mudstone with the damage experienced under load. It derives a damage constitutive relationship that accounts for the coupling effects of hydration swelling and load in mudstone. By combining the findings from uniaxial compression tests, the applicability of the damage evolution equation under the influence of both hydration swelling and load is validated. The results of this research contribute to the foundational theory of water–rock interaction and hold significant engineering application value.</p>

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Macro–Micro Mechanisms and Damage Modeling of Mudstone Swelling Under Water–Rock Interaction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • Qingjun Zuo,
  • Xiaoyang Zhou,
  • Zhenming Chen,
  • Zhaoming Li,
  • Pan Li,
  • Maolin Deng,
  • Biao Wang

摘要

The hydration swelling of mudstone can easily induce engineering disasters, such as tunnel deformation and slope instability. Existing research predominantly focuses on individual factors, making it challenging to accurately depict the synergistic evolution mechanism of "microscopic deterioration—macroscopic damage under load" in hydration swelling under water-rich conditions. To address this issue, this study selected mudstone from the water diversion tunnel section of the Jiaohua Reservoir project in Hunan, prepared reconstituted mudstone samples, and conducted swelling characteristic tests, nuclear magnetic resonance tests, and scanning electron microscopy tests. The physical and mechanical properties of mudstone under water-rich conditions, as well as the macroscopic and microscopic evolution laws of swelling, were analyzed. The swelling and evolution characteristics of mudstone in a water-rich environment were characterized at macro, fine, and micro scales. The experimental results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of mudstone were negatively correlated with water absorption in the water-rich environment. Mudstone has obvious time effect when it encounters water. The swelling rate and swelling stress can be divided into three stages: rapid swelling stage, deceleration swelling stage, and dynamic equilibrium stage. In the process of mudstone hydration swelling in contact with water, porosity and pore edge roughness increase with time, the edges of pores tend to be complicated, and the proportion of large pores decreases. Based on the theory of rock damage mechanics, this study innovatively integrates the mesostructural damage induced by hydration swelling of mudstone with the damage experienced under load. It derives a damage constitutive relationship that accounts for the coupling effects of hydration swelling and load in mudstone. By combining the findings from uniaxial compression tests, the applicability of the damage evolution equation under the influence of both hydration swelling and load is validated. The results of this research contribute to the foundational theory of water–rock interaction and hold significant engineering application value.