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<p>Particle shape played a critical role in determining the mechanical behavior of coarse-grained soils during compaction. Characteristics such as form, roundness, and surface roughness influenced inter-particle friction, packing density, and the deformation response of granular materials. However, existing research often relied on idealized or two-dimensional representations, which limited their accuracy in reflecting actual soil behavior. This study analyzed 200 real rubble and pebble particles using high-resolution 3D laser scanning and curvature-based shape quantification to address this gap. From detailed 3D models, four fundamental geometric indices, elongation (<i>El</i>), flatness (<i>Fl</i>), roundness (<i>R</i><sub>d</sub>), and roughness (<i>R</i><sub>g</sub>), were extracted to evaluate their effects on mechanical performance under vibration-induced compaction. The results indicated that more angular and rougher rubble particles exhibited enhanced interlocking and resistance to compaction, whereas rounder and smoother pebbles facilitated better packing but showed lower mechanical stability. Among all indices, <i>R</i><sub>d</sub> and <i>R</i><sub>g</sub> demonstrated the strongest correlation with compaction behavior, while <i>El</i> and <i>Fl</i> had weaker, independent effects. This work presented a scalable, non-destructive approach for precise particle shape characterization using 3D laser scanning. The findings offered practical insights for optimizing compaction strategies and material selection in geotechnical engineering applications, including subgrade construction, railway ballast design, and foundation fills.</p>

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Quantifying Particle Shape Effects on Soil Compaction Behavior of Pebbles and Rubbles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Sohel Rana,
  • Zhihong Nie,
  • Nahidul Islam,
  • Mohammad Nowfel Mahiuddin,
  • Ali Shamshad

摘要

Particle shape played a critical role in determining the mechanical behavior of coarse-grained soils during compaction. Characteristics such as form, roundness, and surface roughness influenced inter-particle friction, packing density, and the deformation response of granular materials. However, existing research often relied on idealized or two-dimensional representations, which limited their accuracy in reflecting actual soil behavior. This study analyzed 200 real rubble and pebble particles using high-resolution 3D laser scanning and curvature-based shape quantification to address this gap. From detailed 3D models, four fundamental geometric indices, elongation (El), flatness (Fl), roundness (Rd), and roughness (Rg), were extracted to evaluate their effects on mechanical performance under vibration-induced compaction. The results indicated that more angular and rougher rubble particles exhibited enhanced interlocking and resistance to compaction, whereas rounder and smoother pebbles facilitated better packing but showed lower mechanical stability. Among all indices, Rd and Rg demonstrated the strongest correlation with compaction behavior, while El and Fl had weaker, independent effects. This work presented a scalable, non-destructive approach for precise particle shape characterization using 3D laser scanning. The findings offered practical insights for optimizing compaction strategies and material selection in geotechnical engineering applications, including subgrade construction, railway ballast design, and foundation fills.