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<p>Understanding block volume within jointed rock masses is critical for assessing rockfall hazards, especially in terrains characterized by complex discontinuity patterns. This study applies the Rock Mass Index (RMi) method to evaluate the distribution of block volumes and rock mass quality at Masigit Cliff, West Java, Indonesia a limestone outcrop with frequent discontinuities and a history of rockfalls. Discontinuity data were collected using the scanline method across a 50-m section of the cliff to determine joint orientations, spacing, and fracture characteristics. The average volumetric joint count (Jv) was found to be 8.683, indicating a moderately jointed rock mass, with block volumes ranging from 0.02 to 1.72 m<sup>3</sup>. The overall RMi value of 3.07 classifies the rock mass as high quality. Kinematic analysis identified the potential for wedge-type failure, with expected movement that oriented northwest. Rockfall simulations using RocFall3 software incorporated block shape and mass derived from RMi calculations. Results show that larger blocks, particularly in Interval 4, generated the highest kinetic energy (629.66&#xa0;kJ) and run-out distance (~ 111.6&#xa0;m), posing significant impact risks at the toe of the slope. Based on these findings, a macro barrier system with a minimum energy capacity of 1000&#xa0;kJ is recommended to mitigate potential rockfall impacts. This research demonstrates that integrating RMi-based block volume analysis with kinematic and rockfall simulations provides a robust framework for rockfall hazard assessment and mitigation planning in jointed rock terrains.</p>

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Rock Mass Classification and Block Volume Distribution Using the RMi Method: Masigit Cliff Rockfall Mitigation Case Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Hasan T. Atmojo,
  • Antonina P. Martireni,
  • Khori Sugianti,
  • Adam R. Ekasara,
  • Susilowati Susilowati,
  • Daniel Radityo,
  • Thema Arrisaldi

摘要

Understanding block volume within jointed rock masses is critical for assessing rockfall hazards, especially in terrains characterized by complex discontinuity patterns. This study applies the Rock Mass Index (RMi) method to evaluate the distribution of block volumes and rock mass quality at Masigit Cliff, West Java, Indonesia a limestone outcrop with frequent discontinuities and a history of rockfalls. Discontinuity data were collected using the scanline method across a 50-m section of the cliff to determine joint orientations, spacing, and fracture characteristics. The average volumetric joint count (Jv) was found to be 8.683, indicating a moderately jointed rock mass, with block volumes ranging from 0.02 to 1.72 m3. The overall RMi value of 3.07 classifies the rock mass as high quality. Kinematic analysis identified the potential for wedge-type failure, with expected movement that oriented northwest. Rockfall simulations using RocFall3 software incorporated block shape and mass derived from RMi calculations. Results show that larger blocks, particularly in Interval 4, generated the highest kinetic energy (629.66 kJ) and run-out distance (~ 111.6 m), posing significant impact risks at the toe of the slope. Based on these findings, a macro barrier system with a minimum energy capacity of 1000 kJ is recommended to mitigate potential rockfall impacts. This research demonstrates that integrating RMi-based block volume analysis with kinematic and rockfall simulations provides a robust framework for rockfall hazard assessment and mitigation planning in jointed rock terrains.