Simulation of Block Toppling in Basaltic Slopes of the Deccan Plateau
摘要
Sharpe-edged and round-edged boulders are byproducts of weathering and discontinuities in a basaltic terrain. Basal surface contact, in addition to the overall geometry, causes a boulder to topple along a failure plane. The dynamics of the toppling of boulders are challenging; hence, there is a need to develop remedial measures. The generated angular momentum, torque and acceleration due to the overturning of a boulder are the parameters that are responsible for the hazard intensity that is caused by the falling of the boulder; however, most previous studies are limited to identifying the factor of safety for the toppling failure. The authors have explained these parameters in addition to the stability analysis by considering the principles of rigid-body dynamics theories. The height-to-width ratio and the radius of the curvature at the rounded corner of the boulder are found to be the controlling agents that overturn the boulder beside the slope angle. For the initiation of toppled failure, the minimum height-to-width ratio decreases from 1.0 to 0.2 for the increases in the inclination angle of the slope (5° to 85°). However, the angular momentum becomes almost stable after the inclination angle of 30° in the sloping plane; the torque and acceleration keep rising with the increase in the slope angle. Since the described rockfall analysis method is based on the geometry of the boulder and the slope, it can be applied to other rockfall regions worldwide to quantify the block toppling failure study.