<p>CJRM (Complex jointed rock masses) are prevalent in slope engineering and mining roadways, and excavation activities or external disturbance can result in their failure and instability, posing potential hazards to the engineering. Understanding the mechanical behavior and failure evolution of these rock masses is crucial for engineering geology and rock mechanics applications. This study focuses on the jointed surrounding rock of a mining roadway in Xinzhi Coal Mine. Field statistics were used to acquire the characteristic parameters of the joints. By combining experimental analysis with numerical simulation, we investigated the failure evolution process and anisotropic mechanical behavior of CJRM. The failure mechanism was revealed through theoretical analysis. The results indicated that the CJRM specimens obtained through 3D printing and subjected to low-temperature treatment exhibited similar mechanical behavior characteristics to general rocks. As a heterogeneous medium, CJRM exhibited distinct anisotropic mechanical behavior. The RVE of the JRM (jointed rock mass) studied has a size of 4&#xa0;m. Under uniaxial compression, both experimental and simulation results showed that during the pre-peak stress stage, macroscopic failure of JRM initially occurred along the joint plane with a critical joint angle due to shear slip. In the post-peak stage, the failure mode included joint shear slip + multiple macroscopic tension-shear composite crack penetrating the joint plane. The loading direction significantly affects the failure characteristics of CJRM. This is primarily due to the change in the angle that between the applied stress and the joints as the rotation angle varies, altering the failure characteristics of the rock masses. Additionally, the critical joint angle was negatively correlated with the internal friction angle of the joint. A smaller internal friction angle leads to a larger critical joint angle, making joints closer to the critical angle more prone to shear slip failure.</p>